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Table 1 Major H. pylori virulence factors and their functions

From: Helicobacter pylori infection induced gastric cancer; advance in gastric stem cell research and the remaining challenges

Name

Size/genes

Effects in host cell

Reference

CagA

120-140 kDa

Oncoprotein, disrupt cell polarity, multiple cell signaling

[6]

cag PAI

about 30 genes

Type VI secretion system for CagA, PGN injection, and NF-κB activation

[4, 5]

VacA

88 kDa protein

Vacuolization, apoptosis and inhibiting cell proliferation

[7]

OMPs

33 members

Inflammation and adhesion

[8]

  1. CagA cytotoxin-associated antigen A; cagPAI cag-pathogenicity island; VacA vacuolating cytotoxin; PGN peptidoglycan; OMPs outer membrane proteins.