Table 2 DNA damage induced in cortex and medulla of PA-treated, Clindamycin-treated, carnosine and carnitine protected groups

Control

Cortex

0.97 ± 0.24

0.96 ± 0.33

0.98 ± 0.59

Medulla

1.12 ± 0.24

1.03 ± 0.32

1.21 ± 0.57

Propionic acid

Cortex

6.80 ± 0.74**

6.10 ± 0.20**

41.51 ± 5.09**

Medulla

7.27 ± 1.33**

6.67 ± 0.99**

49.32 ±15.53**

Clindamycin

Cortex

1.81 ± 0.32*

1.71 ± 0.36*

3.16 ± 1.26*

Medulla

1.75 ± 0.29*

1.64 ± 0.40

2.95 ± 1.25

Carnosine

Cortex

1.10 ± 0.14

1.05 ± 0.20

1.18 ± 0.36

Medulla

1.15 ± 0.15

1.00 ± 0.10

1.16 ± 0.27

Carnitine

Cortex

1.25 ± 0.07

1.13 ± 0.09

1.42 ± 0.19

Medulla

1.28 ± 0.03

1.07 ± 0.14

1.37 ± 0.17

PA +Carnosine

Cortex

3.96 ± 0.09**

3.87 ± 0.45**

15.34 ± 2.11**

Medulla

3.83 ± 0.27**

3.69 ± 0.32**

14.19 ± 2.24**

PA +Carnitine

Cortex

3.50 ± 0.60**

3.37 ± 0.47**

11.96 ± 3.80*

Medulla

2.85 ± 0.27**

2.63 ± 0.28**

7.56 ± 1.46**

clindamycin +Carnosine

Cortex

1.58 ± 0.10*

1.42 ± 0.09

2.25 ± 0.29*

Medulla

1.68 ± 0.07*

1.23 ± 0.12

2.07 ± 0.12

clindamycin+Carnitine

Cortex

1.73 ± 0.20*

1.54 ± 0.11*

2.67 ± 0.50*

Medulla

1.70 ± 0.21*

1.52 ± 0.06

2.60 ± 0.39*