Table 5 Putative antibiotic resistance genes in the 4 ETEC strains determined using the antibiotic resistance genes database

acrA

Multidrug resistance efflux pump.

aminoglycoside, glycylcycline, beta_lactam, macrolide, acriflavin

*

*

*

*

acrB

*, *

*, *

*, *, *

*, *, *

arnA

The modified arabinose is attached to lipid A and is required for resistance to polymyxin and cationic antimicrobial peptides.

polymyxin

*

*

*

*

bacA

Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase, which consists in the sequestration of Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate.

bacitracin

*

*

*

*

bcr

*

*

*

*

bl1_ec

Class C beta-lactamase.

cephalosporin

*

*

*

*

emrD

Multidrug resistance efflux pump.

*

*

*

*

emrE

aminoglycoside

*, *, *

*

ksgA

Its inactivation leads to kasugamycin resistance.

kasugamycin

*

*

*

*

macB

Macrolide-specific efflux system.

macrolide

*

*

*

*

mdfA

*

*

*

*

mdtE

Multidrug resistance efflux pump.

doxorubicin, erythromycin

*

*

*

*

mdtF

*

*

*

*

mdtG

Multidrug resistance efflux pump.

deoxycholate, fosfomycin

*

*

*

*

mdtH

*

*

*, *

*, *

mdtK

enoxacin, norfloxacin

*

*

*

*

mdtL

chloramphenicol

*

*

*

*

mdtM

chloramphenicol, acriflavine, norfloxacin

*

*

*

*

mdtN

Multidrug resistance efflux pump.

t_chloride, acriflavine, puromycin

*

*

*

*

mdtO

*

*

*

*

mdtP

*

*

*

*

rosB

Efflux pump/potassium antiporter system. RosB: Potassium antiporter.

fosmidomycin

*

*

*

*

tetC

Major facilitator superfamily transporter, tetracycline efflux pump.

tetracycline

*, *

tolC

Multidrug resistance efflux pump.

aminoglycoside, glycylcycline, beta_lactam, macrolide, acriflavin

*

*

*

*