Fig. 2
Assessment of motility and sensitivity to antimicrobial peptides and serum. a Wild-type Salmonella and its isogenic mutants were placed at the center of the agar plate containing 0.3 % agar and incubated for 8 h. Diameter of growth zone was measured in centimeter (cm). Experiments were performed in triplicates at three independent occasions. b For AMP sensitivity assay, approximately 1 × 107 CFU/ml bacteria in PBS were incubated with or without antimicrobial peptides (1 µg/ml polymyxin B, 5 µg/ml protamine, 10 µg/ml LL37, and 2 µg/ml cecropin) for 1 h at 37 °C. The number of surviving bacteria was determined by plating serial dilutions on LB agar plates and survival percentage was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA. c For analysis of serum resistance 1 × 107 CFU/ml of bacteria was incubated with or without 50 % of normal human serum and serial dilutions were plated to enumerate the number of surviving bacteria. Statistical analysis was performed using student t-test. The survival of Δprt and Δtyv mutants was compared with that of ΔwbaV. Level of significance is indicated by asterisks (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001), ns not significant. Error bar indicate the standard deviation of three independent experiments