Table 1 Demographic and illness characteristics of bacterial pathogens associated with childhood diarrhea in Beijing

Age (years), n (%)

 <1

1497 (59.3)

53 (3.5)

44 (2.9)

5 (0.3)

6 (0.4)

107 (7.1)

 1–2

844 (33.4)

58 (6.9)

52 (6.2)

16 (1.9)

4 (0.5)

127 15.0)

 3–4

131 (5.2)

5 (3.8)

11 (8.4)

9 (6.9)

0 (0.0)

25 (19.1)

 =5

52 (2.1)

1 (1.9)

2 (3.8)

7 (13.5)

0 (0.0)

10 (19.2)

 Mean age ± SD

1.2 (1.1)

1.3 (1.0)

1.5 (1.1)

2.9 (1.8)

1.1 (0.7)

1.6 (1.3)

 P value

–

0.002

<0.001

<0.001

0.836

<0.001

Sex, n (%)

 Male

1616 (64.0)

70 (4.3)

71 (4.4)

26 (1.6)

3 (0.2)

170 (10.5)

 Female

908 (36.0)

47 (5.2)

38 (4.2)

11 (1.2)

7 (0.8)

99 (10.9)

 P value

–

0.333

0.517

0.302

0.025

0.765

Seasons, n (%)

 Spring (Mar–May)

584 (23.1)

22 (3.8)

28 (4.8)

0 (0.0)

1 (0.1)

50 (8.6)

 Summer (Jun–Aug)

1029 (40.8)

62 (6.0)

50 (4.9)

31 (3.0)

6 (0.6)

146 (14.2)

 Autumn (Sep–Nov)

615 (24.4)

27 (4.4)

25 (4.1)

6 (0.9)

3 (0.5)

61 (9.9)

 Winter (Dec–Feb)

296 (11.7)

6 (5.1)

6 (5.1)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

12 (2.0)

 P value

–

0.017

0.229

<0.001

0.397

<0.001

Symptom, n (%)

 Fever (>38 °C)

181 (7.2)

3 (2.6)^b

21 (19.3)^b

14 (37.8)^b

0 (0.0)

38 (14.1)^b

 Abdominal pain

112 (4.4)

4 (3.4)

8 (7.3)

7 (18.9)^b

0 (0.0)

19 (7.1)^b

 Vomiting

165 (6.5)

6 (5.1)

5 (4.6)

9 (24.3)^b

0 (0.0)

20 (7.4)

 Dehydration

11 (0.4)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

 Watery diarrhea

758 (30.0)

38 (32.5)

20 (18.3)^b

8 (21.6)

1 (10.0)

66 (24.5)^b

 Mucus diarrhea

1724 (68.3)

76 (65.0)

87 (79.8)^b

26 (70.3)

8 (80.0)

193 (71.7)

 Bloody diarrhea

63 (2.5)

2 (1.7)

7 (6.4)^b

3 (8.1)^b

1(10.0)

13 (4.8)^b

 Meandiarrhea frequency ± SD

4.9 (2.4)

4.3 (2.3)

5.7 (2.6)

6.9 (3.6)

4.1 (1.6)

5.2 (2.8)

 Antibiotic consumption

507 (20.1)

25 (21.4)

28 (25.7)

23 (62.2)

5 (50.0)

79 (29.4)