Fig. 5

Small intestinal immune cell responses in multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa infected human microbiota-associated mice suffering from acute ileitis. Human microbiota-associated mice were perorally challenged with T. gondii ME49 to induce acute ileitis and either additionally infected with MDR P. aeruginosa 3 days following ileitis induction (PA; filled circles) or not (N; open circles). The average number of ileal a T lymphocytes (positive for CD3), b regulatory T cells (positive for FOXP3), c B lymphocytes (positive for B220), and d macrophages and monocytes (positive for F4/80) from six representative high power fields (HPF, ×400 magnification) per animal was determined microscopically in immunohistochemically stained ileal paraffin sections at day 7 post ileitis induction. Naive mice served as negative controls (open diamonds). Numbers of mice (in parentheses), medians (black bars) and significance levels (p values) determined by Kruskal–Wallis test or ordinary one-way ANOVA are indicated. Data shown were pooled from three independent experiments