Multiple etiologies of infectious diarrhea and concurrent infections in a pediatric outpatient-based screening study in Odisha, India

Table 7 Co-infection combinations with two or more infectious etiologies detected in diarrheagenic group vs controls

Combinations of pathogens	Frequency (%) of detection cases (n = 130)	Frequency (%) of detection controls (n = 48)	Statistical analysis
Double infections
Shigella+STEC	5 (3.84)	0	Two-tailed p value by Mantel–Haenszel Chi-square test = 0.004915*
Shigella+EPEC	3 (2.3)	0
Cryptosporidium+EPEC	1 (0.76)	1 (2.08)
EPEC+O157	1 (0.76)	1 (2.08)
Rotavirus+Shigella	7 (5.38)	0
Adenovirus+EPEC	2 (1.53)	0
Adenovirus+Cryptosporidium	1 (0.76)	0
Rotavirus+EPEC	6 (4.61)	0
Shigella+O157	2 (1.53)	0
Shigella +EAEC	2 (1.53)	0
Adenovirus+EAEC	1 (0.76)	0
Rotavirus+EAEC	1 (0.76)	0
EPEC+EAEC	2 (1.53)	0
EPEC+STEC	0	1 (2.08)
Double infection (total)	33 (25.38)	3 (6.25)
Triple infections
Shigella+STEC+EPEC	2 (1.53)	0	Two-tailed p value by Mid-P exact test = 0.03917*
EPEC+EHEC+O157	1 (0.76)	0
Rotavirus+Shigella+STEC	2 (1.53)	0
Rotavirus+Cryptosporidium+EPEC	1 (0.76)	0
Rotavirus+Shigella+EPEC	1 (0.76)	0
Rotavirus+Shigella+EPEC	1 (0.76)	0
Shigella+STEC+EPEC	1 (0.76)	0
Adenovirus+Shigella +EPEC	1 (0.76)	0
EAEC+O157+EAEC	1 (0.76)	0
Triple infection (total)	10 (7.69)	0
Adenovirus+Shigella+STEC+EPEC+O157+EAEC	1 (0.76)	0	Two-tailed p value by Mid-P exact test = 0.7303
Combination of Pathogens (more than three infections)

Statistical analysis is shown considering only total number of cases and control subjects and respective co-isolation rates (double, triple, or more than three infections). In a 2 × 2 table analysis for comparison of proportions between cases and controls for double infections group, all expected values (row total X column total/grand total) were ≥5. So Chi-square analysis was recommended. For triple infections group and more than three infections one, at least one expected value (row total X column total/grand total) was <5. So Mid-P exact test was recommended rather than Chi-square (http://www.openepi.com)
n total number of subjects
* Statistically significant

ISSN: 1757-4749