Antibiotic class | Antimicrobial agent | Conc. (μg) | Zone diameter (9) | E. coli (21) | Resistance rate | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poultry (15) | Beef (6) | Total (21) | Poultry | Beef | Total | ||||||||||||
R | I | S | R | I | S | R | I | S | R | I | S | % | % | % | |||
Penicillin | Amoxycillin–clavulanic acid | 20 | ≤ 13 | 14–17 | ≥ 18 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | – | 13 | 7 | 1 | 66.7 | 50.0 | 61.9 |
Ampicillin | 10 | ≤ 13 | 14–16 | ≥ 17 | 12 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | – | 15 | 5 | 1 | 80.0 | 50.0 | 71.4 | |
Cephalosporin | Cefotaxime | 30 | ≤ 22 | 23–25 | ≥ 26 | 6 | 7 | 2 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 10 | 4 | 40.0 | 16.7 | 33.3 |
Cefpodoxime | 20 | ≤ 17 | 18–20 | ≥ 21 | 3 | 12 | – | 2 | 4 | – | 5 | 16 | – | 20.0 | 33.3 | 23.8 | |
Ceftazidime | 30 | ≤ 17 | 18–20 | ≥ 21 | 5 | 9 | 1 | – | 6 | – | 5 | 15 | 1 | 33.3 | 0 | 23.8 | |
Ceftriaxone | 30 | ≤ 19 | 20–22 | ≥ 23 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 8 | 9 | 20.0 | 16.7 | 19.0 | |
Miscellaneous | Chloramphenicol | 30 | ≤ 12 | 13–17 | ≥ 18 | 3 | 9 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 10 | 7 | 20.0 | 16.7 | 19.0 |
Colistin | 10 | ≤ 11 | 12–13 | ≥ 14 | – | 1 | 14 | – | – | 6 | – | 1 | 20 | – | – | – | |
Fluoroquinolone | Ciprofloxacin | 5 | ≤ 15 | 16–20 | ≥ 21 | 4 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | 5 | 10 | 26.7 | 33.3 | 28.6 |
Enrofloxacin | 5 | ≤ 17 | 18–20 | ≥ 21 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 9 | 9 | 13.3 | 16.7 | 14.3 | |
Nalidixic acid | 30 | ≤ 13 | 14–18 | ≥ 19 | 5 | 12 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 6 | 14 | 6 | 33.3 | 16.7 | 28.6 | |
Aminoglycoside | Streptomycin | 10 | ≤ 11 | 12–14 | ≥ 15 | 9 | 5 | 1 | 4 | 2 | – | 13 | 7 | 1 | 60.0 | 66.7 | 61.9 |
Tetracycline | Tetracycline | 30 | ≤ 11 | 12–14 | ≥ 15 | 12 | 3 | – | 5 | 1 | – | 17 | 4 | – | 80.0 | 83.3 | 81.0 |
Sulphonamide | Trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole | 25 | ≤ 4 | 3 | ≥ 2 | 10 | 2 | 3 | 3 | – | 3 | 17 | 2 | 6 | 66.7 | 50.0 | 81.0 |