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Table 3 Predictors of a positive gastrointestinal pathogen PCR panel or Clostridium difficile test

From: Gut colonization with vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus and risk for subsequent enteric infection

Variable

GI PCR

C. difficile PCR

Univariable HR

Multivariable HR

Univariable HR

Multivariable HR

Sex

 Male

0.71 (0.49–1.02)

 

0.89 (0.60–1.31)

 

Race

 Asian

0.99 (0.40–2.48)

 

0.48 (0.12–2.00)

 

 Black

0.68 (0.36–1.31)

 

0.66 (0.32–1.34)

 

 White

0.96 (0.65–1.40)

 

0.87 (0.57–1.32)

 

 Other/unknown

Reference

 

Reference

 

Ethnicity

 Hispanic

1.23 (0.77–1.98)

 

1.16 (0.84–1.60)

 

 Non-hispanic

0.91 (0.61–1.36)

 

0.89 (0.68–1.17)

 

 Unknown

Reference

 

Reference

 

Age group

 18–29

0.54 (0.21–1.38)

 

0.81 (0.34–1.95)

 

 30–49

1.17 (0.69–2.01)

 

0.75 (0.39–1.44)

 

 50–69

0.99 (0.64–1.53)

 

0.96 (0.61–1.50)

 

 > 70

Reference

 

Reference

 

Residential zip code

 New York city

0.40 (0.15–1.12)

 

1.87 (0.26–13.51)

 

 Tristate area

0.42 (0.15–1.16)

 

1.84 (0.25–13.40)

 

 Other

Reference

 

Reference

 

Laboratory values at VRE testing

 Creatinine (mg/dL)

0.89 (0.79–0.99)

0.89 (0.79–1.01)

0.98 (0.88–1.08)

 

 Albumin (g/dL)

1.08 (0.77–1.54)

 

0.82 (0.58–1.17)

 

 White blood cell count (cell/mcL)

1.01 (0.99–1.04)

 

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

 

 Hematocrit (%)

1.00 (0.97–1.03)

 

0.97 (0.95–1.00)

 

 Platelets (/mcL)

1.04 (1.01–1.08)

1.01 (0.97–1.05)

1.01 (0.97–1.06)

 

VRE colonization

0.52 (0.28–0.96)

0.47 (0.25–0.88)

1.39 (0.83–2.27)

1.32 (0.79–2.19)

Surgery after VRE test

1.02 (0.70–1.49)

 

0.96 (0.63–1.48)

 

Mechanical ventilation after VRE test

1.18 (0.82–1.70)

 

1.31 (0.88–1.95)

 

Immunosuppression exposure after VRE test

1.00 (0.70–1.44)

 

1.10 (0.74–1.63)

 

Antibiotic exposure after VRE testing

 Any antibiotic

0.93 (0.59–1.49)

 

1.20 (0.74–1.93)

 

 VRE–targeted therapy

0.72 (0.23–2.26)

 

1.02 (0.25–4.18)

 

LOS

 Hospital LOS

1.01 (1.00–1.01)

 

1.00 (0.99–1.01)

 

 ICU LOS

1.01 (1.00–1.03)

 

1.02 (1.01–1.04)

1.02 (1.01–1.04)

In-hospital mortality

0.93 (0.41–2.13)

 

1.37 (0.50–3.72)

 

Place of GI PCR test

 Emergency department

0.85 (0.45–1.61)

   

 Endoscopy

1.56 (0.37–6.60)

   

 Inpatient

0.87 (0.58–1.30)

   

 Outpatient

Reference