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Fig. 1 | Gut Pathogens

Fig. 1

From: A decrease in anaerobic bacteria promotes Candida glabrata overgrowth while β-glucan treatment restores the gut microbiota and attenuates colitis

Fig. 1

Effect of C. glabrata colonization on DSS-induced colitis. A, B Body weight and clinical analysis of DSS-induced colitis in mice. The six groups consisted of controls (CTL, water), C. glabrata alone (Cg), β-glucans (β-glu), DSS alone (D), DSS + C. glabrata (DCg), and β-glucans + DSS + C. glabrata (β-gluDCg). Clinical score was determined by analyzing changes in stool consistency, body weight loss, and presence of bleeding. The CTL, Cg, and β-glu groups did not show any signs of inflammation. Thus, the curves for CTL, Cg, and β-glu overlapped indicating the absence of clinical activity score for these three groups. **P < 0.001 for DSS (D) and C. glabrata-DSS (DCg) mice vs. controls (CTL), C. glabrata (Cg), β-glucans (β-glu) and C. glabrata + DSS + β-glucans (DCgβ-glu) groups. C Histologic scores. Mice were exposed to 2% DSS in drinking water for 14 days. Scores range from 0 (no changes) to 6 (extensive cell infiltration and tissue damage). D Histologic analysis of the colon in C. glabrata and DSS-induced colitis. Panel (a) is the control group (CTL) receiving only water. Panel (b) corresponds to colon sections from WT mice receiving C. glabrata only. Panel (c) corresponds to colon sections from mice receiving β-glucans only. Panel (e) correspond to colon sections from mice receiving DSS. Panel (g) corresponds to colon sections from mice receiving C. glabrata + DSS. Panel (i) corresponds to colon sections from mice receiving C. glabrata + DSS + β-glucans. In the absence of DSS, no inflammation signs in colon sections were observed between control groups (not inoculated) and those that received C. glabrata or β-glucans (panels a, b, and c). Panels (e) and (g) show a high inflammatory cell infiltrate in the colon wall structures and massive tissue destruction (asterisks). The scale bars represent 50 µm (a, b, c, e, g, and i) and 20 µm (d, f, h, and j)

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