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Table 3 Inactivation mutations in rdxA and frxA genes in sequenced metronidazole-resistant H. pylori strains

From: High primary resistance to metronidazole and levofloxacin, and a moderate resistance to clarithromycin in Helicobacter pylori isolated from Karnataka patients

Strain

MIC (µg/ml)

rdxA

frxA

Mutation type (position)

Mutation type (position)

KH1

64

Nonsense (65)

–

KH2

64

–

–

KH3

64

Nonsense (50)

Nonsense (199)

KH4

16

Nonsense (50)

–

KH6

64

–

Frameshift (70)

KH7

64

–

Nonsense (68)

KH8

64

Frameshift (136)

Frameshift (18)

KH9

32

–

Deletion of 58 bp C-terminal region

KH11

64

–

–

KH12

64

Frameshift (65)

Deletion of 303 bp N-terminal region

KH13

64

–

Frameshift (18)

KH14

64

–

Nonsense (141)

KH15

64

–

–

KH16

64

–

–

KH17

64

Nonsense (50)

–

KH18

64

Fragmented

–

KH19

64

–

Frameshift (44)

KH20

64

–

–

KH21

64

Nonsense (50)

Frameshift (70)

KH22

32

Nonsense (50)

–

KH23

32

–

Frameshift (154)

KH25

64

–

Frameshift (18)

KH26

64

–

Nonsense (68)

KH27

64

–

–

KH28

64

Frameshift (98)

Frameshift (18)

KH29

64

–

–

KH30

64

Frameshift (185)

Nonsense (86)

KH32

16

–

–

KH33

64

–

Frameshift (18)

KH36

32

Frameshift (161)

–

KH37

64

Nonsense (65)

–

KH38

64

Nonsense (50)

Frameshift (18)

KH41

64

–

268 bp insertion

KH43

64

Frameshift (72)

Nonsense (176)

KH44

64

–

–

KH45

64

–

Frameshift (106)