Fig. 1

Contamination scenario of faecal coliforms and E. coli in source and point of use water samples. a Bar diagram showing percent contamination of faecal coliforms and E. coli, before decontaminating the mouth of the tubewell and household (POU) water. b Box and whisker plot of log value of faecal contamination before decontaminating the mouth of the tubewell and POU water. c Box and whisker plot of log value of E. coli before decontaminating the mouth of the tubewell and POU water. d, e Bar diagram showing percent of risk categories of contamination of faecal coliforms and E. coli, before and after decontaminating the mouth of the tubewell and POU water