Fig. 3

The human gut bacteria family co-abundance. a, i The network represents the global human gut bacterial family coexistence considering the four most highly abundant gut bacterial phyla. The network connections are based on correlation test (P-value < 1e−10 and Pearson’s correlation coefficient > 0.3). Edge connection between families from the same phylum is shown in black lines whereas the family connection between different phyla is shown in grey lines. Family nodes are coloured according to phylum. a, ii This graph demonstrates the number of families (i.e. nodes) belonging to a different phylum in the global bacterial family coexistence. a, iii The percentage connection between families from the same phylum is substantially higher in the global bacterial family coexistence compared to a random network of the same size. b A subnetwork of the global human gut bacterial family coexistence network where the abundance level of at least one family node in a connection is > 1.5-fold higher in either CD or healthy condition against each other. c Similarly, a subnetwork of the global human gut bacterial family coexistence network where the abundance level of at least one family node in a connection is > 1.5 fold higher in either UC or healthy condition against each other. Edge connection between families from the same phylum is shown in black lines whereas the family connection between different phylum is shown in grey lines. Family belonging to different phyla are shown in different shapes. The node colour shows the increased abundance level in a disease (CD or UC) or healthy condition compared to each other. The size of the node represents the abundance level in a healthy condition