Fig. 1

Fecal microbiota structure in Mexican children with positive T1D- or CD-associated antibodies (n = 22). a Weighted UniFrac distances between groups. b Bacterial relative abundance at genus level per participant. c Bacterial relative abundance according to their infection status by enteropathogenic parasites at phylum level and d at genus level (all phyla and genus with ≥ 1% of relative abundance were considered). e Linear Discriminant Analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis is showing those OTUs that were significantly differentially abundant between autoimmune children infected or non-infected with Cyptosporidium and/or Cyclospora, ranked by effect size (all LDA scores > 2). Only IAA: Positives only for T1D-associated anti-insulin autoantibodies, Two Ab: Positives for 2 T1D and CD-associated autoantibodies, T1D: Type 1 diabetes, CD: Celiac disease, n: non-infected, i: infected with Cyptosporidium and/or Cyclospora, NS: non-significant (Student’s t test), p values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant