Table 3 Species-specific pooled prevalence estimates for IPIs among intellectually disabled individuals in Iran, 2020
Parasite | No. of studies | Pooled prevalence estimates | Heterogeneity | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample size | Positives | Prevalence (95% CI) | I2 (%) | p | ||
Protozoa | ||||||
 Entamoeba coli | 13 | 2829 | 495 | 16.2 (10.3–22.0) | 96.4 |  < 0.001 |
 Blastocystis spp. | 10 | 1900 | 248 | 12.2 (7.2–17.2) | 94.8 |  < 0.001 |
 Giardia duodenalis | 12 | 2566 | 329 | 11.9 (7.4–16.3) | 94.4 |  < 0.001 |
 Iodamoeba butschlii | 8 | 1868 | 84 | 3.9 (2.2–5.6) | 76.1 |  < 0.001 |
 Chilomastix mesnili | 7 | 1734 | 84 | 3.6 (1.5–5.7) | 92.2 |  < 0.001 |
 Endolimax nana | 6 | 1370 | 51 | 2.9 (0.9–5.0) | 88.0 |  < 0.001 |
 Entamoeba histolytica/dispar | 7 | 1830 | 69 | 2.6 (1.0–4.2) | 89.3 |  < 0.001 |
 Dientamoeba fragilis | 1 | 243 | 4 | – | – | – |
 Entamoeba hartmanni | 1 | 243 | 58 | – | – | – |
Helminths | ||||||
 Enterobius vermicularis | 8 | 1686 | 234 | 11.3 (6.3–16.3) | 97.5 |  < 0.001 |
 Strongyloides stercoralis | 5 | 1103 | 112 | 10.9 (5.0–16.9) | 95.6 |  < 0.001 |
 Hymenolepis nana | 4 | 847 | 33 | 2.8 (0.4–5.2) | 83.7 | < 0.001 |
 Trichuris trichiura | 4 | 984 | 24 | 2.0 (0.7–3.2) | 52.2 | 0.09 |
 Ascaris lumbricoides | 2 | 588 | 7 | 1.2 (0.3–2.1) | – | – |
 Dicrocoelium dendriticum | 2 | 599 | 28 | 0.9 (0.1–1.6) | – | – |
 Taenia spp. | 2 | 671 | 3 | 0.4 (0.0–0.9) | – | – |
 Trichostrongylus spp. | 2 | 599 | 3 | 0.4 (0.1–0.9) | – | – |
 Hookworms | 1 | 330 | 1 | – | – | – |