Detrimental relevance of Helicobacter pylori infection with sarcopenia

Table 3 Association between components of sarcopenia and H. pylori markers in normal, H. pylori (+), and CagA (+) groups

Normal^‡	Model 1^†	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4
Normal^‡	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Skeletal muscle index (kg/m²)
H. pylori (+)^§
β coefficient	− 0.015 (− 0.022, − 0.009)	− 0.021 (− 0.027, − 0.016)	− 0.023 (− 0.028, − 0.018)	− 0.023 (− 0.029, − 0.018)
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
CagA (+)^¶
β coefficient	− 0.014 (− 0.022, − 0.007)	− 0.016 (− 0.022, − 0.009)	− 0.017 (− 0.023, − 0.011)	− 0.017 (− 0.023, − 0.011)
P value	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
Gait speed (m/s)
H. pylori (+)
β coefficient	0.019 (− 0.006, 0.043)	0.013 (− 0.010, 0.036)	0.009 (− 0.013, 0.032)	0.010 (− 0.013, 0.033)
P value	0.132	0.266	0.417	0.385
CagA (+)
β coefficient	0.014 (− 0.030, 0.058)	0.029 (− 0.013, 0.071)	0.027 (− 0.015, 0.069)	0.027 (− 0.015, 0.069)
P value	0.536	0.181	0.209	0.206

^† Model 1 = unadjusted
Model 2 = Adjusted for age, gender, race
Model 3 = Adjusted for age, gender, race, BMI, serum C-reactive protein, serum glucose
Model 4 = Adjusted for age, gender, race, BMI, serum C-reactive protein, serum glucose, smoking, arthritis, asthma, diabetes mellitus
^‡Normal: without evidence of positive anti-H. pylori IgG or anti-CagA IgG
^§H. pylori (+): positive anti-H. pylori IgG in serum samples
^¶CagA (+): concurrent positive anti-cytotoxin-associated gene A IgG and positive anti-H. pylori IgG in serum samples

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