Fig. 5
From: Establishment of a gnotobiotic pig model of Clostridioides difficile infection and disease
Histological changes in tissue. H&E (A–E, G–I) and Gram (F) staining of the cecum and colon to detect microscopic lesions induced by C. difficile. PBS control pigs had mild edema in the submucosa and lamina propria, however, this did not impact the integrity of epithelial tissue layers (A–C). Ulceration of the colonic mucosa with replacement by neutrophilic inflammation, fibrin, and necrotic cellular debris (D). Greater magnification of the volcano lesion in Gp4-8-2021 (G). Gram positive bacterial rods present in the luminal spaces of Gp4-8–2021 tissue (F). Severe edema causing substantial expansion of the submucosa and lamina propria, with focal volcano lesion (G). Ulceration of the colonic mucosa with accumulation of neutrophils, fibrin, and necrotic debris (H, I). Scale for images is 200 µm for A, C, D; 50 µm for B, E, H, I; 20 µm for F