Fig. 3

Fusobacterium nucleatum aggravated macrophages infiltration and pro-inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo. a Representative images and quantitative analysis (c) of infiltrated monocytes by F4/80 (left panel) and CD68 (right panel) immunofluorescence staining in liver tissues of each group. *P < 0.05. n = 6 for each group. b Immunohistochemistry analyses of the pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β in liver tissues and quantitative analysis (d). *P < 0.05. n = 6 for each group. (e–g) real-time PCR and immunofluorescence staining were performed to measure levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in L02 cells infected by F. nucleatum with a time gradient. *P < 0.05 vs. Data were analysed by Student’s t-test. The error bars indicate the SDs for triplicate samples