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Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of the eligible, included and excluded participants and, among participants, pre-vaccine versus the post-vaccine introduction period comparisons

From: Differences in epidemiology of enteropathogens in children pre- and post-rotavirus vaccine introduction in Kilifi, coastal Kenya

Characteristic

All eligible (n = 1250)

n (%)

Included (n = 718)

n (%)

Excluded*

(n = 532)

n (%)

Included vs Excluded

p-value

Pre-vaccine

(n = 241)

n (%)

Post-vaccine

(n = 477)

n (%)

Pre- vs Post-Vaccine

p-value

Sex (Male)

697 (55.8)

402 (56.0)

295 (55.5)

0.0850

139 (57.7)

263 (55.1)

0.517

Median age (IQR) in months

13.8 (8.2–24.6)

13.3 (8.0–23.0)

14.3 (8.5–26.6)

0.081

11.5 (6.8–21.5)

14.1 (8.5–24.2)

0.004

Age category (in months)

   

0.115

  

0.050

 0–11

528 (42.2)

323 (45.0)

205 (38.5)

 

126 (52.3)

197 (41.3)

 

 12–23

402 (32.2)

224 (31.2)

178 (33.5)

 

65 (27.0)

159 (33.3)

 

 24–59

203 (16.2)

106 (14.8)

97 (18.2)

 

31 (12.9)

75 (15.7)

 

  > 60

117 (9.4)

65 (9.1)

52 (9.8)

 

19 (7.9)

46 (9.6)

 

Admission year

   

 < 0.001

   

 Year 2013

351 (28.1)

241 (33.6)

110 (20.7)

 

241 (100.0)

-

NA

 Year 2016

348 (27.8)

245 (34.1)

103 (19.4)

 

-

252 (51.4)

 

 Year 2017

196 (15.7)

61 (8.5)

135 (25.4)

 

-

641(12.8)

 

 Year 2018

355 (28.4)

171 (23.8)

184 (34.6)

 

-

171 (35.9)

 

HIV status

   

0.049

  

 < 0.001

 Negative

994 (79.5)

565 (78.7)

429 (80.6)

 

171 (71.0)

394 (82.6)

 

 Infected/exposed

78 (6.24)

55 (7.7)

23 (4.3)

 

14 (5.8)

41 (8.6)

 

 Unknown

178 (14.2)

98 (13.7)

80 (15.0)

 

56 (23.2)

42 (8.8)

 

Diarrhea history at admission

   

0.497

  

0.371

 Acute

1130 (90.4)

657 (91.5)

473 (88.9)

 

222 (92.1)

435 (91.2)

 

 Prolonged

79 (6.3)

40 (5.6)

39 (7.3)

 

10 (4.2)

30 (6.3)

 

 Persistent

10 (0.8)

5 (0.7)

5 (0.9)

 

3 (1.2)

2 (0.4)

 

 Chronic

31 (2.5)

16 (2.2)

16 (2.2)

 

6 (2.5)

10 (2.1)

 

 Bloody diarrhea (n = 1245)

75 (6.0)

42 (5.9)

33 (6.2)

0.796

17 (7.1)

25 (5.3)

0.328

 Vomiting at admission

817 (65.4)

498 (69.4)

319 (60.0)

0.001

171 (71.0)

327(68.6)

0.510

Hospital length of stay

 Mean (SD#)

5.2 (5.0)

5.8 (5.4)

4.3 (4.3)

 < 0.001

5.5 (5.5)

5.9 (5.3)

0.317

 Median (IQR)

4 (2–6)

4 (3–7)

3 (1–6)

 < 0.001

4 (2–7)

5 (3–7)

0.005

Vesikari Clinical Severity Score

 Mean (SD#)

11.4 (2.3)

11.5 (2.3)

11.3 (2.3)

0.183

11.7 (2.5)

11.4 (2.1)

0.062

 Median (IQR)

11 (10–13)

11 (10–13)

11 (10–13)

0.182

11 (10–13)

11 (10–13)

0.289

 Died before discharge

145 (11.6)

39 (5.4)

106 (19.9)

 < 0.001

8 (3.2)

31 (6.5)

0.076

  1. * Due to insufficient stool sample provision; the bold emphasis of some of the p -values indicate those statistically significant