Fig. 8

Bar chart (a) depicting effect of high-fat diet (3 weeks) and amoxicillin treatment on the relative abundance of the most represented bacterial taxa at the genus level for each sample. Amoxicillin treatment in the 3rd week in the HFD group showed a significant rise in the relative abundance of Blautia, Coprococcus, Bacteroides, Akkermansia and a decreased in Granulicatella, Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Turicibacter, Desulfovibrio, Oscillospira, and Allobaculum. The analysis of the color heat map (b) illustrates the mean abundances of top 39 bacterial community taxa assigned to genera. The color intensity in each sample is normalized to represent its relative ratio in the four groups. The color scale of dark red and dark blue represents the higher and lower relative abundances of bacterial communities, respectively. CD: Standard—chow diet for 3 weeks; CD + Amox: Standard—chow diet for 3 weeks and subjected to amoxicillin treatment in 3rd  week; HFD: High-fat diet for 3 weeks; HFD + Amox: High-fat diet for 3 weeks and subjected to amoxicillin treatment in 3rd week