Table 2 Risk factors for colonization with VRE in hospitalized patients with hematologic malignancies
From: Gut colonization with vancomicyn-resistant enterococci among patients with hematologic malignancies
Risk factors | Frequency (%) or mean ± SD | Univariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
VRE colonized | non-VRE colonized | Total | OR (95% CI) | p-value | |
Demographics | |||||
 Age (years)a | 74.31 ± 6.58 | 65.52 ± 13.37 | – | 3.697 (1.114–12.264) | 0.025 |
 Gender: male: female | 9 (69.23): 4 (30.77) | 54 (65.25):42 (43.75) | 109 (100) | 0.571 (0.165–1.984) | 0.374 |
 Mean length of stay (days) | 11.15 ± 4.705 | 8.57 ± 5.11 | – | 1.524 (-5.602–0.440) | 0.093 |
Primary hematologic disease (%) | |||||
 Myelodysplastic syndrome | 3 (23.08) | 20 (20.83) | 23 (21.1) | 1.140 (0.287–4.536) | 0.852 |
 Non-hodgkin lymphoma | 0 | 25 (26.04) | 25 (22.94) | 0.1 (0.01–1.81) | 0.081 |
 Multiple myeloma | 7 (53.85) | 13 (13.54) | 20 (18.35) | 7.449 (2.161–25.669) | 0.001 |
 Chronic lymphocytic leukemia | 2 (15.38) | 13 (13.54) | 15 (13.76) | 1.161 (0.231–5.843) | 0.856 |
 Hodgkin Lymphoma | 0 | 9 (9.38) | 9 (8.26) | 0.34 (0.02–6.21) | 0.249 |
 Chronic erythremia | 0 | 4 (4.17) | 4 (3.67) | 0.76 (0.04–14.94) | 0.453 |
 Acute myeloblastic leukemia | 1 (7.69) | 4 (4.17) | 5 (4.59) | 1.917 (0.198–18.596) | 0.569 |
 Acute lymphoblastic leukemia | 0 | 3 (3.13) | 3 (2.75) | 0.99 (0.05–20.23) | 0.518 |
 Acute myelomonocytic leukemia | 0 | 2 (2.08) | 2 (1.83) | 1.4 (0.06–30.75) | 0.599 |
 Acute promyelocytic leukemia | 0 | 1 (1.04) | 1 (0.92) | 2.36 (0.09–60.87) | 0.712 |
 Hairy-cell leukemia | 0 | 1 (1.04) | 1 (0.92) | 2.36 (0.09–60.87) | 0.712 |
 Chronic monocytic leukemia | 0 | 1 (1.04) | 1 (0.92) | 2.36 (0.09–60.87) | 0.712 |
Underling diseases (%) | |||||
 Chronic heart failure | 9 (69.23) | 48 (50) | 53 (48.62) | 2.250 (0.649–7.805) | 0.193 |
 Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 1 (7.96) | 10 (10.42) | 11 (10.09) | 0.717 (0.084–6.107) | 0.760 |
 Chronic renal failure | 2 (15.38) | 7 (7.29) | 9 (8.26) | 2.312 (0.426–12.550) | 0.332 |
 Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus | 5 (38.46) | 18 (18.75) | 23 (21.1) | 2.708 (0.792–9.259) | 0.112 |
 Obesity | 2 (15.38) | 14 (14.58) | 16 (14.68) | 1.065 (0.213–5.326) | 0.939 |
 Chemotherapy | 8 (61.54) | 45 (46.88) | 53 (48.62) | 1.813 (0.553–5.943) | 0.326 |
 Corticosteroids use | 7 (53.85) | 39 (40.63) | 46 (42.2) | 1.705 (0.532–5.461) | 0.369 |
Medications prior the hospital admission (%) | |||||
 Cardiovascular medications | 9 (69.23) | 46 (47.92) | 55 (50.46) | 2.446 (0.705–8.485) | 0.149 |
 Endocrine medications | 6 (46.15) | 20 (20.83) | 26 (23.85) | 2.375 (0.700–8.053) | 0.156 |
 COPD medications | 1 (7.96) | 10 (10.42) | 11 (10.09) | 0.717 (0.084–6.107) | 0.760 |
 Nonsteroids | 2 (15.38) | 14 (14.58) | 16 (14.68) | 1.065 (0.213–5.326) | 0.939 |
 Other medicationsb | 1 (7.96) | 3 (3.13) | 4 (3.67) | 2.583 (0.248–26.863) | 0.403 |
Antibiotic use in last 30Â days and during the current hospital stay (%) | |||||
 3rd generation cephalosporins | 1 (7.96) | 3 (3.13) | 4 (3.67) | 2.583 (0.248–26.863) | 0.403 |
 Fluroquinolones | 1 (7.96) | 2 (2.08) | 3 (2.75) | 3.917 (0.330–46.514) | 0.319 |
 Macrolides | 0 | 4 (4.17) | 4 (3.67) | 0.76 (0.04–14.94) | 0.453 |
 Antifungal drugs | 0 | 2 (2.08) | 2 (1.83) | 1.4 (0.06–30.75) | 0.599 |