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Fig. 1 | Gut Pathogens

Fig. 1

From: Association of gut microbial dysbiosis with disease severity, response to therapy and disease outcomes in Indian patients with COVID-19

Fig. 1

Taxonomic composition and microbial diversity in Indian patients with COVID-19

(A) Heat tree representing the organization of taxa from phylum through genus level. On the lower right-hand side is the colour scale. Each node represents a particular taxon used to classify the OTU whereas the edges represents where it fits in the taxonomy hierarchy. The nodes diameter is proportional to the number of OTUs and the width of the edge is equal to the number of reads. (B) Phylum abundance bar plot showing the relative abundance of six different phylum (Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Desulfobacterota) in severe and Mild subjects. (C) Alpha diversity was found to be significant for Chao index (p-value = 0.02), Shannon index (p-value = 0.004) and Simpson index (p-value = 0.01) whearas Faith PD (p-value > 0.05) was non-significant at the baseline level. The box indicates the interquartile range (IQR). The median value is represented as a line within the box and whiskers extend to the extreme value that is within 1.5*IQR. (D) Beta diversity at baseline level:Principal coordinate analysis plot (PcoA) of the gut microbiome of severe and mild patients at the baseline level. The blue dots represent subjects with severe disease and yellow dots represent mild subjects. Both the groups represented on the ordination plot with a variance of 26.3% (Axis1) and 16.4% (Axis2) respectively. The statistical significance of variance between mild and severe patients was calculated using Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) (R2 = 0.0652, P-value = 0.002)

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