Author, year [reference], study location | Case/control or case/cohort | Age (year), mean (SD) | Study design and setting | Male, n (%) | Adjusted for | Follow up (months) | NOS score |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aditi et al. 2012 [21]; USA | 307/682 | Not reported | Retrospective; cohort; single center | Not reported | Bilirubin, albumin, creatinine, INR, and protein in ascitic fluid | 38 (mean) | 7 |
Bajaj et al. 2009 [22]; USA | 70/70 | 54.5 (13.0) | Retrospective; case–control; single center | 79 (56.4) | CTP class, age, and admission time period | – | 7 |
Campbell et al. 2008 [23]; USA | 32/84 | 54.6 (10.7) | Retrospective; case–control; single center | 78 (67.2) | Age, bilirubin, INR, creatinine, MELD score, DM, gender, history of SBP, etiology of liver disease, and race | – | 5 |
Choi et al. 2011 [24]; Korea | 83/93 | 55.5 (10.7) | Retrospective; case–control; single center | 138 (78.4) | CTP class, MELD score, and VB | – | 7 |
Cole et al. 2016 [25]; Scotland | 114/92 | 20–74 (range) | Retrospective; cohort; single center | 135 (65.5) | Age, MELD and UKELD scores, gender, etiology of liver disease, history of decompensate liver disease, and PPIs use | 23.7 (median) | 8 |
Dam et al. 2016 [26]; Denmark | 340/525 | 57 (10.4) | Retrospective; cohort; multicenter | 594 (68.8) | Use of PPIs; sex; age; cirrhosis etiology; VB; MELD score; increase of sodium, albumin, and platelets; dose of lactulose, spironolactone, furosemide and potassium-sparing diuretic | – | 7 |
De Vos et al. 2013 [27]; Belgium | 51/51 | 56 (8.9) | Retrospective; case–control; single center | 70 (68.6) | None | 1.5 (median) | 7 |
Elzouki et al. 2019 [28]; Qatar | 171/162 | 52.8 (12) | Retrospective; case–control; single center | 260 (78.1) | Age, sex, DM, HTN, smoking, RF, and PPIs use | – | 7 |
Goel et al. 2012 [7]; USA | 65/65 | 57.6 (11.1) | Retrospective; case–control; single center | 83 (63.8) | CTP classification | 1 (mean) | 8 |
Huang et al. 2016 [29]; Taiwan | 1,870/1,190 | 54.1 (12.5) | Retrospective; cohort; multicenter | 3,535 (73.8) | Age, sex, CAD, CHF, HTN, DM, CKD, ascites, HE, and esophageal varices | – | 7 |
Janka et al. 2020 [30]; Hungary | 74/39 | 50–64 (range) | Retrospective; cohort; Single center | 69 (61.1) | Compensated stage, age, gender, comorbidity, etiology, MELD score and PPIs use | 38.5 (median) | 8 |
Khan et al. 2020 [31]; Pakistan | 190/190 | 46.9 (10.1) | Prospective; cohort; Single center | 220 (61.1) | Age, gender, etiology of liver disease, CTP score, albumin, bilirubin, and PT | – | 6 |
Kim et al. 2017 [32]; Korea | 58/249 | 57.7 (10.4) | Retrospective; cohort; single center | 239 (77.8) | Age; sex; CTP score; SBP etiology; platelet count; ALT; GGT; BUN; creatinine; sodium; ascitic fluid protein; HC; H2RAs, PPIs, antibiotics, and Beta-blocker use | 60 (mean) | 7 |
Kwon et al. 2014 [33]; Korea | 82/451 | 62.7 (9.5) | Retrospective; cohort; multicenter | 410 (76.9) | Age, MELD score, H2RAs, and PPIs use | 1 (mean) | 7 |
Mandorfer et al. 2014 [8]; Austria | 520/87 | 57.5 (11.8) | Retrospective; cohort; single center | 426 (70.2) | Age, HC, history of variceal bleed, varices, and MELD score | 9.6 (mean) | 8 |
Min et al. 2014 [34]; Korea | 402/402 | 57.7 (9.8) | Retrospective; cohort; single center | 609 (75.7) | Age, gender, etiology of liver disease, CTP score, platelet count, GGT, BUN, creatinine, sodium, H2RAs, and PPIs use | 25.1 (mean) | 8 |
Miozzo et al. 2017 [35]; Brazil | 151/107 | 54 (11.2) | Retrospective; cohort; single center | 163 (63.4) | PPIs use, CTP and MELD scores, and the presence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding | 60 (median) | 6 |
Miura et al. 2014 [36]; Japan | 18/47 | 66.3 (9) | Retrospective; cohort; single center | 44 (67.7) | Age; gender; etiology of cirrhosis; DM; platelet count; creatinine; antibiotic, H2RAs and PPIs use; VB, HC, and HE; CTP and MELD scores and INR | – | 5 |
O'Leary et al. 2015 [9]; USA | 46/142 | 56.8 (9.3) | Prospective; cohort; multicenter | 102 (54.1) | PPIs use, SBP prophylaxis, age, HR, MELD and CTP scores, platelet count, gender, sodium, albumin, MAP, index SBP infection, and number of infections | – | 8 |
Rajender et al. 2019 [37]; India | 143/143 | 51.5 (11.5) | Retrospective; cohort; single center | 188 (65.7) | Age; gender; VB; HE; CTP and MELD scores; bilirubin; creatinine; cause of cirrhosis; ascitic fluid protein; PPIs, H2RAs and B blockers use | – | 7 |
Ratelle et al. 2014 [10]; Canada | 51/102 | 60.6 (15.1) | Retrospective; case–control; single center | 114 (74.5) | PPIs use, gender, DM, sodium, and MELD score | – | 8 |
Schiavon et al. 2017 [38]; Brazil | 93/98 | 54.3 (12.5) | Prospective; cohort; Single center | 130 (68.1) | Age, DM, previous hepatic encephalopathy and VB | 32 (median) | 7 |
Terg et al. 2015 [11]; Argentina | 95/289 | 57.5 (11.5) | Retrospective; cohort; multicenter | 265 (69) | Age, gender, MELD and CTP scores, alcohol, HE, bilirubin, albumin, creatinine, sodium, INR, platelet and leucocytes counts, and PPIs use | – | 8 |