Table 5 Partial Spearman correlations between total perceived stress scale score, alpha diversity, and relative abundance of target ASVs

Alpha diversity metric

 chao1

− 0.137, p = 0.405

 Observed_species

− 0.375, p = 0.019

 PD_whole_tree

− 0.304, p = 0.060

 shannon

− 0.422, p = 0.007

 simpson

− 0.444, p = 0.005

Phylum; class: order; family; genus^a

 Bacteroidetes; Bacteroidia; Bacteroidales; Bacteroidaceae; Bacteroides

− 0.137, p = 0.406

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Lachnospiraceae; Blautia

0.122, p = 0.461

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Lachnospiraceae; Coprococcus

− 0.449, p = 0.004

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Ruminococcus

− 0.159, p = 0.333

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Faecalibacterium

− 0.634, p < 0.001

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Lachnospiraceae; [Ruminococcus]

0.751, p < 0.001

 Verrucomicrobia; Verrucomicrobiae; Verrucomicrobiales; Verrucomicrobiaceae; Akkermansia

− 0.139, p = 0.399

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Lachnospiraceae; Roseburia

− 0.573, p < 0.001

 ActinoActinoBifidobacteriales; Bifidobacteriaceae; Bifidobacterium

0.247, p = 0.129

 Bacteroidetes; Bacteroidia; Bacteroidales; Porphyromonadaceae; Porphyromonas

0.055, p = 0.74

 Bacteroidetes; Bacteroidia; Bacteroidales; Prevotellaceae; Prevotella

0.119, p = 0.471

 Firmicutes; Bacilli; Lactobacillales; Lactobacillaceae; Lactobacillus

− 0.071, p = 0.665

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Eubacteriaceae; Pseudoramibacter_Eubacterium

− 0.172, p = 0.296

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Lachnospiraceae; Clostridium

0.161, p = 0.327

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Lachnospiraceae; Lachnospira

− 0.461, p = 0.003

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Ruminococcaceae; Butyricicoccus

− 0.394, p = 0.013

 Firmicutes; Erysipelotrichi; Erysipelotrichales; Erysipelotrichaceae; Clostridium

0.185, p = 0.26

 Firmicutes; Erysipelotrichi; Erysipelotrichales; Erysipelotrichaceae; [Eubacterium]

0.604, p < 0.001

 FusoFusobacteriia; Fusobacteriales; Fusobacteriaceae; Fusobacterium

− 0.133, p = 0.421

 ProteoBetaproteoBurkholderiales; Alcaligenaceae; Sutterella

− 0.605, p < 0.001

 ProteoGammaproteoAeromonadales; Succinivibrionaceae; Succinivibrio

− 0.188, p = 0.252

 Archaea; Euryarchaeota; MethanoMethanobacteriales; Methanobacteriaceae; Methanobrevibacter

− 0.143, p = 0.386

 Firmicutes; Bacilli; Gemellales; Gemellaceae; NA

0.104, p = 0.529

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Peptostreptococcaceae; Peptostreptococcus

− 0.136, p = 0.408

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; Veillonellaceae; Dialister

− 0.047, p = 0.776

 Firmicutes; Clostridia; Clostridiales; [Tissierellaceae]; Parvimonas

0.42, p = 0.008