Country | N studied cases | Age range (years) | Pre-valence | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Developing Countries1: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Bangladesh | 181 | 20-44 | 92% | [95] |
Brazil | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- rural | 40 (children) | < 20 | 77.5% | - rural |
 | 164 (adults) | 20-90 | 84.7% | [96] |
- urban | 363 | > 20 | 63.4% | [97] |
- poor urban community | 204 | 18-80 | 80% | [98] |
Colombia (rural) | 684 | 2-9 | 69% | [99] |
China | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Southern China | 1727 | N/A | 44.2% | [9] |
- Hong Kong | 397 | 36-65 | 58.6% | [100] |
- Changle of Fujan | 1456 | Â | 80.4% | [100] |
Egypt | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- Alexandria (northern) | 169 mothers | N/A | 88% | Â |
 | 169 children | < 1 | 13% |  |
 |  | 1.5 | 25% | [101] |
- Cairo (central) | 52 | < 6 | 33% | Â |
 | 56 | > 6 | 60% | [102] |
- Assiut (southern) | urban | N/A | 87% | Â |
 | rural | N/A | 40% | [103] |
- poor urban area | schoolchildren | N/A | 72.4% | [104] |
India | 238 | 3-70 | 79% | [13] |
Mexico | 11605 | 20-90 | 66% | [61] |
Nepal (rural) | 1142 | 4-93 | 56.8% | [69] |
 | 407 | 2 mo-12 yr | 48% | [105] |
Peru | 104 | 0-17 | 50% | [70] |
Russia | 213 | 20-75 | 88% | [106] |
- St. Petersburg 1995 | 307 | 2-19 | 44% | |
- St. Petersburg 2005 | 370 | 2-19 | 13% | [18] |
Saudi Arabia | 557 | 5-10 | 40% | [107] |
 |  | > 20 | 70% |  |
Taiwan | 823 | 1-40+ | 54% | [78] |
Developed Countries1: | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Australia (urban Melbourne) | 273 | 19-47 | 23% | [32] |
Denmark | 3589 | 30-60 | 25.9% | [108] |
Germany (western) | 260 | 18-61 | 39.2% | [60] |
Israel (rural) | 377 | 30-90 | 72% | [109] |
Japan | 4361 | 19-69 | 30% | [110] |
Netherlands | 254 (employees) | 11-89 | 27.2% | [111] |
New Zealand | 579 workers: | 40-64 | 56% | Â |
- Europeans | 190 | Â | 35.8% | Â |
- Maori | 195 | Â | 57.4% | Â |
- Pacific Islanders | 194 | Â | 73.2% | [64] |
Spain | 332 | > 18 | 43% | [112] |
- mountain | 1782 | Â | 54% | Â |
- coastal | 154 | Â | 30% | Â |
South Korea | 161 | 20-75 | 75% | [113] |
Switzerland | 176 natives | 10-20 | 7.3% | [81] |
 | 20 immigrants |  | 30% |  |
United Kingdom | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- England | 267 (healthy) | > 18 | 41% | [114] |
 | 467 (all males) | 18-65 | 37.5% | [115] |
- Northern Ireland | 4742 | 12-64 | 50.5% | [116] |
- South Wales | 1796 | 45-59 | 70% | [117] |
United States | Â | Â | Â | Â |
- South Carolina | 938 army recruits | 17-26 | 26% | Â |
 | 324 blacks |  | 44% |  |
 | 47 Hispanics |  | 38% |  |
 | 536 whites |  | 14% | [66] |
- California | 556 | 20-39 | 27% | [67] |
- Texas | 246 blacks | 15-80 | 70% | Â |
 | 239 whites |  | 34% | [59] |