Fig. 4

Cytokine expression in HCT-8 and primary bovine intestinal cells during infection with LPS and C. hominis and C. parvum. All of the cells were cultured to 80–90% confluency and challenged (infected) with C. hominis and C. parvum for 18 h. a IL-8 levels of HCT-8 cells. b IL-8 levels of primary bovine cells. c IFN-γ levels of HCT-8 cells. d IFN-γ levels of primary bovine cells. e IL-10 levels of HCT-8 cells (f) IL-10 levels of primary bovine cells. LPS treated HCT-8 and primary bovine cells were used as positive controls. Not treated HCT-8 and primary bovine were used a negative controls. Asterisks indicate significant differences (***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001). Error bars represent the standard deviation of means from three different experiments. G1, Cryptosporidium hominis; G2, Cryptosporidium parvum