Fig. 1
From: The role of mycobiota-genotype association in inflammatory bowel diseases: a narrative review
The cascade of innate immune response against intestinal fungi. Several fungal cell wall polysaccharides initiates immune responses, Dectin-1 binds β-glucans, dectin-2 binds α-mannans, and Mincle attaches the glycolipid trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (TDM), trehalose-6,6-dibehenate (TDB), and α-mannose residues. DC-SIGN binds N-linked mannans. Dectin-1, dectin-2, and mincle begin intracellular signaling through the SYK activation. RAF-1 as an SYK-independent activator of NF-κB pathway actuated by DC-SIGN and dectin-1. NF-κB pathway leads to TH1 and TH17 activations and subsequent cytokine production. CX3CR-1 is expressed by intestinal-resident mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs) and participate in fungal recognition