Fig. 2

Homocysteine induces ER stress through UPR signaling pathway in hepatocytes. A The expression levels of ER stress signaling markers, including GRP78, ATF6, p-PERK, PERK, p-eIF2α, eIF2α, IRE1α, p-IRE1α and CHOP were measured by western blot in high methionine diet-fed cbs^+/+ and cbs^+/− mice (n = 8/group). B Representative images for immunostaining analysis of KDEL receptor-positive cells in liver sections (scale bars = 20 μm). C and D The protein expression of ER stress signaling markers was assessed by western blot in hepatocytes treated with 100 μmol/L Hcy or Hcy + TUDCA for 48 h (n = 3/group). All data are expressed as mean ± SD. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 versus cbs^+/+ mice or control group. ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01 versus Hcy group