Fig. 2

Fusobacterium nucleatum aggravated the degree of damage in ALF model and regulated the expression of NAMPT in vitro and in vivo. a Mice (n = 5–7 per group) were administered F. nucleatum, E.coli or PBS for 4 weeks and treated with LPS and D-gal for another 24 h. The representative images of FISH to assess the amount of F. nucleatum in livers of each group. Representative images of histological analyses are shown in (a) and quantified in (b) (200 × magnification). c NAD⁺ level in liver tissues obtained from mice. d The plasma levels of ALT and AST were measured in each group. e Immunohistochemistry analysis on the protein levels of NAMPT and IDO in liver tissues obtained from mice. f, g Western blotting was performed to measure the expression of NAMPT and IDO in L02 cells cocultured with F. nucleatum, E. coli or PBS (Control, Con) and quantified. Data shown are means ± SD of three separate experiments. *P < 0.05; one-way ANOVA combined with Bonferroni's post hoc test; the error bars indicate the SDs for triplicate samples. h, i The NAD.⁺ content of L02 cells treated by F. nucleatum or E.coli with a time gradient. *P < 0.05; unpaired Student’s t-test; The error bars indicate the SDs for triplicate samples