Fig. 2

A Geographic distribution of samples from six different countries. Each pie chart represents the composition of the top 10 most abundant species identified in all samples distributed in CRC patients from each country. B The 100% stacked column chart of the relative abundance at the phylum level in CRC patients and healthy controls. The X-axis represents the subgroups of countries. The value of each phylum percentage in the Y-axis represents the mean relative abundance from each CRC and control cohort. The relative abundance represents the percentage of each species made of the organism per sample. C Heatmap visualization of the mean intestinal microbiota abundance in CRC patients and healthy controls based on region differences. Each column represents one subgroup based on the status of the disease in different countries. Each row represents one species ranking in the top 20 of the average relative abundance per subgroup. Values of the average relative abundance were normalized by the Z scores method. The colour scale was set based on the specific value of the average relative abundance after the Z score transformation, with red for relatively high abundance (Z scores > 0) and blue for low abundance (Z scores < 0). The greater the weights of the absolute Z score-transformed abundance values, the deeper the colour of the squares. The original values of average relative abundance per subgroup (before Z score transformation) are shown on the right of the colour scale (0, 0.2, 0.4…,1.2)