Fig. 2

Butyrate treatment decreases pathogen invasion in macrophage cells. RAW264.7 cells were treated with or without butyrate and followed by chol-lipo was infected with Shigella flexneri A and Salmonella typhimurium B at a MOI 1:100 and the data are represented as percent control (Percent control = Treated/Control × 100). The cells were stained with either anti-CD44-FITC antibody and counterstained with Hoechst 33342. The cells were imaged in Zeiss confocal microscope at 63X magnification C. The cells with similar treatment were analyzed in flowcytometry in non-permeabilized D and permeabilized E to estimate the total fluorescence of anti-CD44-FITC antibody and on the cell surface respectively. The mean fluorescence was estimated and represented in F and G for non-permeabilized and permeabilized cells respectively. N = 3, the data is represented as Mean ± SEM. * represents p < 0.05, ** represents p < 0.01, *** represents p < 0.001