Rotavirus (RV) induces diarrhoea through a sequence of enterotoxic and cytotoxic effects. The former are NSP4-dependent, induce calcium-dependent chloride secretion and involve oxidative stress. Diosmectite (D...
Authors: Vittoria Buccigrossi, Carla Russo, Amedeo Guarino, Maiara Brusco de Freitas and Alfredo Guarino
As a primary source of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection, cattle are often targeted to develop strategies for reducing STEC contamination. Monitoring the virulence potentials of STEC isolate...
Authors: Hee-Jin Dong, Soomin Lee, Woohyun Kim, Jae-Uk An, Junhyung Kim, Danil Kim and Seongbeom Cho
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with risk for chronic gastritis (CG), gastric ulcer (GU), duodenal ulcer (DU), and gastric cancer (GC). The H. pylori Cag type IV secretion ...
Authors: Hirofumi Ogawa, Akira Iwamoto, Toshihito Tanahashi, Rina Okada, Koji Yamamoto, Shin Nishiumi, Masaru Yoshida and Takeshi Azuma
Enterococcus faecalis, generally considered as a saprophytic bowel commensal, has recently emerged as an important nosocomial pathogen causing severe urinary tract infections, surgical...
Authors: Kelly Biaggini, Valérie Borrel, Sabine Szunerits, Rabah Boukherroub, Awa N’Diaye, Arthur Zébré, Maryse Bonnin-Jusserand, Guillaume Duflos, Marc Feuilloley, Djamel Drider, Pierre Déchelotte and Nathalie Connil
The gut of human harbors diverse commensal microbiota performing an array of beneficial role for the hosts. In the present study, the major commensal gut bacteria isolated by culturing methods from 15 children...
Authors: Shirajum Monira, Syeda Antara Shabnam, Sk. Imran Ali, Abdus Sadique, Fatema-Tuz Johura, Kazi Zillur Rahman, Nur Haque Alam, Haruo Watanabe and Munirul Alam
The vacA, cagA and babA2 genotypes of Helicobacter pylori are associated with gastric pathology. The objectives were to determine the frequency of infection and distribution of the vacA, cagA and babA2 genotypes ...
Authors: Adolfo Román-Román, Dinorah Nashely Martínez-Carrillo, Josefina Atrisco-Morales, Julio César Azúcar-Heziquio, Abner Saúl Cuevas-Caballero, Carlos Alberto Castañón-Sánchez, Roxana Reyes-Ríos, Reyes Betancourt-Linares, Salomón Reyes-Navarrete, Iván Cruz-del Carmen, Margarita Camorlinga-Ponce, Enoc Mariano Cortés-Malagón and Gloria Fernández-Tilapa
The incidence of human Campylobacter jejuni infections is progressively increasing worldwide. Probiotic compounds might open up valuable tools to decrease pathogen burden and subsequent pro-inflammatory immune re...
Authors: Ira Ekmekciu, Ulrike Fiebiger, Kerstin Stingl, Stefan Bereswill and Markus M. Heimesaat
There are multiple etiologies responsible for infectious gastroenteritis causing acute diarrhea which are often under diagnosed. Also acute diarrhea is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among ...
Escherichia coli, the gastrointestinal commensal, is also known to cause ocular infections such as conjunctivitis, keratitis and endophthalmitis. These infections are normally resolved...
Helicobacter pylori, colonize in stomach of ~50% of the world population. cag pathogenicity Island of H. pylori is one of the important virulent factors that attributed to gastric infl...
Authors: Nillu Ghosh, Prachetash Ghosh, Kousik Kesh, Asish K. Mukhopadhyay and Snehasikta Swarnakar
“Dysbiosis” in the gut microbiome has been implicated in auto-immune diseases, in inflammatory diseases, in some cancers and mental disorders. The challenge is to unravel the cellular and molecular basis of dy...
One of the working mechanisms of probiotic bacteria is their ability to compete with pathogens. To define the probiotic properties of seven Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains, we tested them for survival in si...
Authors: Raffaella Campana, Saskia van Hemert and Wally Baffone
Probiotic bacteria can induce immune regulation or immune tolerance in patients with allergic diseases, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. There has been a growing interest in the use of benefici...
Authors: Juan Zhang, Hui Su, Qiuhong Li, Haixia Wu, Mengyun Liu, Jianqiong Huang, Minghua Zeng, Yuejie Zheng and Xin Sun
Riboflavin is the precursor of important redox cofactors such as flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and flavin adenine dinucleotide, required for several biological processes. Vibrio cholerae, a pathogenic bacterium res...
Authors: Ignacio Sepúlveda Cisternas, Alexia Torres, Andrés Fuentes Flores and Víctor Antonio García Angulo
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the major pattern recognition receptors that mediate sensing of a wide range of microorganisms. TLR2 forms heterodimers with either TLR1 or TLR6, broadening its ligand diversity...
Authors: Laura Choteau, Hélène Vancraeyneste, Didier Le Roy, Laurent Dubuquoy, Luiginia Romani, Thierry Jouault, Daniel Poulain, Boualem Sendid, Thierry Calandra, Thierry Roger and Samir Jawhara
Salmonella is one of major causes of foodborne outbreaks globally. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, typing and antibiotic susceptibilities of Salmonella enterica se...
Authors: Hanem El-Sharkawy, Amin Tahoun, Abd El-Galiel A. El-Gohary, Moshira El-Abasy, Fares El-Khayat, Trudi Gillespie, Yukio Kitade, Hafez M. Hafez, Heinrich Neubauer and Hosny El-Adawy
The Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157 strain NCCP15739 and non-STEC O157 strain NCCP15738 were isolated from outbreaks in Korea. We characterized NCCP15739 and NCCP15738 by genome sequencing and ...
Necrotic enteritis (NE) is an economically important disease of poultry caused by certain Clostridium perfringens type A strains. The NetB toxin plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of NE. We previously demo...
Authors: Hongzhuan Zhou, Dion Lepp, Yanlong Pei, Mei Liu, Xianhua Yin, Rongcai Ma, John F. Prescott and Joshua Gong
The nucleotide-binding oligomerisaton protein 2 (NOD2) constitutes a pivotal sensor of bacterial muramyl dipeptide and assures expression of distinct antimicrobial peptides and mediators produced by enterocyte...
Authors: Stefan Bereswill, Ursula Grundmann, Marie E. Alutis, André Fischer and Markus M. Heimesaat
The rising incidence of multidrug resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a serious issue in prevention of its spread particularly among hospitalized patients. It is, ho...
Authors: Eliane von Klitzing, Ira Ekmekciu, Stefan Bereswill and Markus M. Heimesaat
Vibrio cholerae converts glucose into either acid or the neutral end product acetoin and its survival in carbohydrate enriched media is linked to the nature of the byproducts produced. It...
Authors: Chirantana Sengupta, Manjula Ekka, Saurabh Arora, Prashant D. Dhaware, Rukhsana Chowdhury and Saumya Raychaudhuri
Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging opportunistic pathogen that is associated with rare but life-threatening cases of severe diseases: meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsi...
Authors: Seongok Kim, You-Tae Kim, Hyunjin Yoon, Ju-Hoon Lee and Sangryeol Ryu
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is described as a relapsing condition with high morbidity and uncertain complex pathogenesis. The association of Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (MAP) with Crohn’s disea...
Authors: Samin Zamani, Mohammad Reza Zali, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei, Leonardo Antonio Sechi, Magdalena Niegowska, Elisa Caggiu, Rouhollah Keshavarz, Nader Mosavari and Mohammad Mehdi Feizabadi
Identifying the connection among diet, the intestinal microbiome, and host health is currently an area of intensive research, but the potential of dietary fiber (DF) consumption to ameliorate intestinal infla...
Authors: Janelle A. Jiminez, Trina C. Uwiera, D. Wade Abbott, Richard R. E. Uwiera and G. Douglas Inglis
We evaluated the effects of the probiotic Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) and the antibiotic Ciprofloxacin (Cipro) on mRNA expression of intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) in gnotobiotic (Gn) piglets colonized ...
Authors: Francine C. Paim, Stephanie N. Langel, David D. Fischer, Sukumar Kandasamy, Lulu Shao, Moyasar A. Alhamo, Huang-Chi Huang, Anand Kumar, Gireesh Rajashekara, Linda J. Saif and Anastasia N. Vlasova
Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne pathogen that causes considerable morbidity in humans with high mortality rates. In this study, we have sequenced the genomes and perfo...
Authors: Shu Yong Lim, Kien-Pong Yap and Kwai Lin Thong
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in patients from Spain is associated with intestinal dysbiosis. This study explores whether the alteration of the gut microbiome in SLE patients from China is consistent with...
Clostridium difficile (CD), a spore-forming and toxin-producing bacterium, is the main cause for antibiotic-associated diarrhea in the elderly. Here we investigated CD colonization in ...
Authors: Sophie Fehlbaum, Christophe Chassard, Sophie Annick Poeker, Muriel Derrien, Candice Fourmestraux and Christophe Lacroix
Enterococcus faecalis, the type strain of the genus Enterococcus, is not only a commensal bacterium in the gastrointestinal tract in vertebrates and invertebrates, but also causes seri...
Authors: Joon Yong Kim, Hye Seon Song, Yeon Bee Kim, Joseph Kwon, Jong-Soon Choi, Yong-Joon Cho, Byung-Yong Kim, Jin-Kyu Rhee, Jinjong Myoung, Young-Do Nam and Seong Woon Roh
Mouse infection studies have shown that interferon-γ (IFN-γ), a T helper 1 (Th1) cytokine, is required for the development of severe pathology induced by chronic Helicobacter infection. This finding is largely ba...
Authors: Michelle Chonwerawong, Patrick Avé, Michel Huerre and Richard L. Ferrero
More than 50 years after the discovery of antibiotics, bacterial infections have decreased substantially; however, antibiotics also may have negative effects such as increasing susceptibility to pathogens. An ...
Authors: Tadasu Iizumi, Takako Taniguchi, Wataru Yamazaki, Geraldine Vilmen, Alexander V. Alekseyenko, Zhan Gao, Guillermo I. Perez Perez and Martin J. Blaser
Foodborne illness can occur due to various pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and can cause severe gastroenteritis symptoms. In this study, we complet...
Authors: Sojin Ahn, Han Young Chung, Sooyeon Lim, Kwondo Kim, Suyeon Kim, Eun Jung Na, Kelsey Caetano-Anolles, Ju-Hoon Lee, Sangryeol Ryu, Sang Ho Choi and Heebal Kim
Acute diarrhea is one of the major public health problems worldwide. Most of studies on acute diarrhea have been made on infants aged below 5 years and few efforts have been made to identify the etiological ag...
The Shiga toxin–producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O91:H21 strains NCCP15736 and NCCP15737 were isolated during a single outbreak in Korea, NCCP15736 from a symptomatic carrier and NCCP15737 from an asymptomatic c...
Authors: Taesoo Kwon, Young-Seok Bak, Young-Hee Jung, Young-Bin Yu, Jong Tae Choi, Cheorl-Ho Kim, Jung-Beom Kim, Won Kim and Seung-Hak Cho
Chickens are regarded as the main reservoir for human campylobacteriosis. Little is known about the interaction between Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and chickens. This interaction may be influenced by the sta...
Authors: Zifeng Han, Thomas Willer, Colin Pielsticker, Lenka Gerzova, Ivan Rychlik and Silke Rautenschlein
Staphylococcus xylosus is coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), found occasionally on the skin of humans but recurrently on other mammals. Recent reports suggest that this commensal ...
Authors: Gurwinder Kaur, Amit Arora, Sathyaseelan Sathyabama, Nida Mubin, Sheenam Verma, Shanmugam Mayilraj and Javed N. Agrewala
Helicobacter pylori is a pathogenic bacterium that causes various gastrointestinal diseases. The most common gastric malignancies associated with H. pylori are gastric cancer and lymph...
Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are commonly identified worldwide as important aetiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in all age groups. More and more evidences challenged the paradigm that AstV infections a...
Authors: Xiaochun Wang, Jinxin Wang, Chenglin Zhou, Shixing Yang, Quan Shen, Wen Zhang and Dunwu Qi
Human parechovirus (HPeV) is a genus of virus in the family Picornaviridae, having two species A and B. HPeVs are common infectious agents, usually causing mild diarrhea and respiratory disease in young children.
Rotavirus vaccines have poor efficacy in infants from low- and middle-income countries. Gut microbiota is thought to influence the immune response to oral vaccines. Thus, we developed a gnotobiotic (Gn) pig mo...
Authors: Erica L. Twitchell, Christine Tin, Ke Wen, Husen Zhang, Sylvia Becker-Dreps, M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril, Samuel Vilchez, Guohua Li, Ashwin Ramesh, Mariah Weiss, Shaohua Lei, Tammy Bui, Xingdong Yang, Stacey Schultz-Cherry and Lijuan Yuan
Human are confronted on a daily basis with contaminant pesticide residues in food, water and other components of the environment. Although the digestive system is the first organ to come into contact with food...
Authors: Claire Joly Condette, Bertin Elion Dzon, Farida Hamdad, Maurice Biendo, Véronique Bach and Hafida Khorsi-Cauet
In the winter of 2014–2015, a novel norovirus (NoV) strain (GII.17) was reported to be the major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks in East Asia. To determine the time course of gastroenteritis infections asso...
Authors: Lifeng Pan, Caoyi Xue, Huiqin Fu, Dan Liu, Linying Zhu, Chang Cui, Weiping Zhu, Yifei Fu and Sun Qiao
Campylobacter species are the major food-borne pathogens which could cause bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. Contaminated chicken products have been recognized as the primary vehicl...
Chryseobacterium indologenes is an emerging opportunistic pathogen in hospital-acquired infection, which is intrinsically resistant to most antimicrobial agents against gram-negative b...
Authors: Tingting Wang, Xiawei Jiang, Chunyan Feng, Ang Li, Huihui Dong, Shaoqiang Wu and Beiwen Zheng
Klebsiella pneumoniae is the most common pathogen of community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess in East Asia. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-established risk factor for K. pneumoniae ...
Authors: Chien Chuang, Wen-Chien Fan, Yi-Tsung Lin and Fu-Der Wang
Most recently we reported that RHB‑104 triple antibiotics combination in culture is bactericidal and should be effective for treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD)-associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratu...
Authors: Ahmad Qasem, Mitra Safavikhasraghi and Saleh A. Naser
The emerging enteric pathogen Campylobacter concisus is associated with prolonged diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies have shown that C. concisus strains are very genetically diverse. Nevert...
Authors: Hans Linde Nielsen, Henrik Nielsen and Mia Torpdahl
We previously showed that zonula occludens toxin (Zot) encoded by Campylobacter concisus zot808T gene has the potential to initiate inflammatory bowel disease. This Zot protein caused ...
Authors: Fang Liu, Hoyul Lee, Ruiting Lan and Li Zhang
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) causes debilitating liver diseases, which may progress to cirrhosis and cancer, and claims 500,000 annual lives worldwide. While HCV epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapy are being...
Authors: AbdelRahman Mahmoud Aly, AbdelReheem Adel, Ahmed Osama El-Gendy, Tamer M. Essam and Ramy K. Aziz
Cold atmospheric plasma could
constitute an alternative against multi-drug resistant pathogens. Susceptibility of enterococci to cold atmospheric plasma was investigated in vitro.
Authors: Matthias Napp, Sebastian von Podewils, Ingo Klare, Hermann Haase, Richard Kasch, Denis Gümbel, Axel Ekkernkamp, Michael Jünger and Georg Daeschlein
