Typhoid fever has caused severe epidemics in many Asian and African countries. The early detection of outbreaks and their sources may promote the prevention and control of typhoid fever, for which effective an...
Authors: Hongxia Wang, Baowei Diao, Zhigang Cui, Meiying Yan and Biao Kan
Peptoclostridium (Clostridium) difficile is a spore-forming bacterium responsible for nosocomial infections in humans. It is recognized as an important agent of diarrhea and colitis in...
Authors: Felipe L. Pereira, Carlos A. Oliveira Júnior, Rodrigo O. S. Silva, Fernanda A. Dorella, Alex F. Carvalho, Gabriel M. F. Almeida, Carlos A. G. Leal, Francisco C. F. Lobato and Henrique C. P. Figueiredo
Almost all Helicobacter pylori infected person develop gastritis and severe gastritis is supposed to be the denominator of peptic ulcer diseases, which may lead to gastric cancer. However, it is still an enigma w...
Authors: Mou Ganguly, Sagartirtha Sarkar, Prachetash Ghosh, Avijit Sarkar, Jawed Alam, Bipul Chandra Karmakar, Ronita De, Dhira Rani Saha and Asish K. Mukhopadhyay
Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) causes Johne’s disease in domestic and wild ruminants. It has been a debate that whether Map can cause Crohn’s disease in human. T...
Authors: Ruichao Yue, Chunfa Liu, Paul Barrow, Fei Liu, Yongyong Cui, Lifeng Yang, Deming Zhao and Xiangmei Zhou
It has been suggested that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection has stabilized in the USA and is decreasing in China. We conducted a systematic literature analysis to test this hypothesis. PubMed and E...
Authors: Peter Nagy, Saga Johansson and Michael Molloy-Bland
This study was designed to determine the relationship between Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection and selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, in the blood of humans a...
Authors: Ahmad Qasem, Ahmad Abdel-Aty, Huda Abu-Suwa and Saleh A. Naser
Pathogenic strains in Escherichia coli can be divided into several pathotypes according to their virulence features. Among them, uropathogenic E. coli causes most of the urinary tract infections and has a genotyp...
Authors: Min-Jung Kwak, Myung-Soo Kim, Soon-Kyeong Kwon, Seung-Hak Cho and Jihyun F. Kim
Sphingolipids are important for innate immune response to eliminate infected pathogens and involved in autophagy. On the other hand, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2) served...
The virulence role of surface antigens in a single serotype of Klebsiella pneumoniae strain have been studied, but little is known about whether their contribution will vary with serotype.
Intestinal microorganisms affect host physiology, including ageing. Given the difficulty in controlling for human studies of the gut microbiome, mouse models provide an alternative avenue to study such relatio...
Authors: Sooyeon Lim, Dong-Ho Chang, Sharon Ahn and Byoung-Chan Kim
Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occasionally appears in immunodeficient patients. While several reports have shown that Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred in the early phase of sta...
The babA2 gene along with the cagA and vacA of Helicobacter pylori has been considered as a risk factor for the disease outcome in certain populations. This study was aimed to understand the role of babA2 of H. p...
Authors: Prachetash Ghosh, Avijit Sarkar, Mou Ganguly, Raghwan, Jawed Alam, Ronita De and Asish K. Mukhopadhyay
Recent research suggests integration of the intestinal
microbiota in gut-brain communication which could lead to new approaches to treat neurological disorders. The highly social prairie voles are an excellen...
Authors: Senait Assefa, Kathleen Ahles, Simone Bigelow, J. Thomas Curtis and Gerwald A. Köhler
The worldwide increase of food-borne infections with antibiotic resistant pathogens constitutes a major public health problem. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence, antibiogram, virulence ge...
Authors: Rasha M. Gharieb, Yasmine H. Tartor and Mariam H. E. Khedr
Rapid commercial assays, including nucleic acid amplification tests and immunoassays for Clostridium. difficile toxins, have replaced the use of older assays. They are included in a two-step algorithm diagnosis, ...
Authors: J. Goret, J. Blanchi, C. Eckert, S. Lacome, A. Petit, F. Barbut, C. Bébéar and Francis Mégraud
Disturbances in the intestinal microbial community (i.e. dysbiosis) or presence of the microbes with deleterious effects on colonic mucosa has been linked to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Ho...
Authors: Zhengyu Du, Tomas Hudcovic, Jakub Mrazek, Hana Kozakova, Dagmar Srutkova, Martin Schwarzer, Helena Tlaskalova-Hogenova, Martin Kostovcik and Miloslav Kverka
How host cell glycosylation affects EPEC or EHEC O157:H7 invasion is unclear. This study investigated whether and how O-glycans were involved in EPEC or EHEC O157:H7 invasion into HT-29 cells.
Authors: Jun Ye, Qiong Pan, Yangyang Shang, Xiaolong Wei, Zhihong Peng, Wensheng Chen, Lei Chen and Rongquan Wang
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide. This microaerophilic bacterium can survive in aerobic environments, suggesting it has protective mechanisms ag...
Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine impart a significant and negative impact on the health and well-being of human and non-human mammalian animals. Understanding the underlying mechanisms ...
Authors: Janelle A. Jiminez, Trina C. Uwiera, G. Douglas Inglis and Richard R. E. Uwiera
Arcobacter (A.) butzleri has been described as causative agent for sporadic cases of human gastroenteritis with abdominal pain and acute or prolonged watery diarrhea. In vitro studies ...
Authors: Markus M. Heimesaat, Gül Karadas, Marie Alutis, André Fischer, Anja A. Kühl, Angele Breithaupt, Ulf B. Göbel, Thomas Alter, Stefan Bereswill and Greta Gölz
To assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal neoplasia in patients with Streptococcus bovis infectious endocarditis we performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all episodes of S. bovis infectious endocarditis...
Authors: Anthony Alozie, Kerstin Köller, Lumi Pose, Maximilian Raftis, Gustav Steinhoff, Bernd Westphal, Georg Lamprecht and Andreas Podbielski
It remains unclear whether the low incidence of gastric cancer in Indonesia is due to low infection rates only or is also related to low Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity. We collected H. pylori strains from the ...
Authors: Muhammad Miftahussurur, Ari Fahrial Syam, Dadang Makmun, Iswan Abbas Nusi, Lukman Hakim Zein, Zulkhairi, Fardah Akil, Willi Brodus Uswan, David Simanjuntak, Tomohisa Uchida, Pangestu Adi, Amanda Pitarini Utari, Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha, Phawinee Subsomwong, Nasronudin and Yoshio Yamaoka
Developmentally early cells are mobilized into peripheral blood in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. OCT4, is considered to be important in sustaining the pluripotency of stem cells. OCT4 splicing variants are diffe...
Authors: Maria Maragkoudaki, Anna Vaiopoulou, George E. Theodoropoulos, Evangelia Legaki, Leonardo A. Sechi, George Karamanolis, George Zografos and Maria Gazouli
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, the most common cause of human gastroenteritis, employs several virulence factors including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for infection and establis...
Dietary zinc oxide is used in pig nutrition to combat post weaning diarrhoea. Recent data suggests that high doses (2.5 g/kg feed) increase the bacterial antibiotic resistance development in weaned pigs. There...
Authors: Wilfried Vahjen, Dominika Pietruszyńska, Ingo C. Starke and Jürgen Zentek
Previous studies have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of caffeine, both individually and in combination with other compounds. A proposed mechanism for caffeine’s antimicrobial effects is inhibition of b...
Clinical and preclinical observations indicate that Lactobacillus plantarum has anti-inflammatory activity and may regulate the immune responses of its hosts when ingested. Recently, modification of teichoic acid...
Recently the Type VI secretion
system (T6SS), which can play a significant role in bacterial survival and pathogenesis, was reported in Campylobacter spp., having the hcp gene as a key component.
Authors: Nicolae Corcionivoschi, Ozan Gundogdu, Lynn Moran, Carmel Kelly, Pam Scates, Lavinia Stef, Ada Cean, Brendan Wren, Nick Dorrell and Robert H Madden
For many putative Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica virulence genes, functional characterization across serovars has been limited. Cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) is an incompletely characterized virulence...
Authors: Lorraine D Rodriguez-Rivera, Barbara M Bowen, Henk C den Bakker, Gerald E Duhamel and Martin Wiedmann
The O48 group comprises Salmonella bacteria containing sialic acid in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bacteria with sialylated surface structures are described as pathogens that avoid immunological response of the ...
Authors: Bożena Futoma-Kołoch, Urszula Godlewska, Katarzyna Guz-Regner, Agata Dorotkiewicz-Jach, Elżbieta Klausa, Jacek Rybka and Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
A recent report on the detection in a Crohn’s disease (CD) patient of an adherent and invasive Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (Gut pathogens 2015, 7:2) prompted a commentary expressing some skeptic...
Gastroenteritis attributable to Salmonella enterica and the continuous increase in antimicrobial resistance of this gut pathogen, which compromises the use of previously effective treatments, is of great concern ...
Authors: Liora Colobatiu, Alexandra Tabaran, Mirela Flonta, Ovidiu Oniga, Simona Mirel and Marian Mihaiu
Now that microbial whole genome sequencing is in reach of many researchers, it is common to infer virulent properties of a given bacterial isolate based on the presence of virulence genes. However, this may le...
Despite a significant global burden of disease, there is still no vaccine against shigellosis widely available. One aim of the European Union funded STOPENTERICS consortium is to develop vaccine candidates aga...
Authors: Omar Rossi, Kate S Baker, Armelle Phalipon, François-Xavier Weill, Francesco Citiulo, Philippe Sansonetti, Christiane Gerke and Nicholas R Thomson
Virulence genes can spread among commensal bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. The bacterium with novel virulence factors may pose a severe threat to public health because of the absence of a management...
Authors: Min-Jung Kwak, Soon-Kyeong Kwon, Seung-Hak Cho and Jihyun F Kim
Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH) are also able to cause disease in humans. Dogs are a natural reservoir for many of these species. Close and intense human contact with animals has been identified as a...
Authors: Irina Amorim, Annemieke Smet, Odete Alves, Silvia Teixeira, Ana Laura Saraiva, Marian Taulescu, Celso Reis, Freddy Haesebrouck and Fátima Gärtner
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe infection to those with a pre-disposition. Infections often arise through consumption of contami...
Authors: Danny Sewell, Stuart CH Allen and Carol A Phillips
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important pathogen that causes childhood and travelers’ diarrhea. Here, we present the draft genomes of four ETEC isolates recovered from stool specimens of patients ...
Authors: Fei Liu, Xi Yang, Zhiyun Wang, Matilda Nicklasson, Firdausi Qadri, Yong Yi, Yuying Zhu, Na Lv, Jing Li, Ruifen Zhang, Huijuan Guo, Baoli Zhu, Åsa Sjöling and Yongfei Hu
The duodenal ulcer promoting gene (dupA) and dupA cluster in Helicobacter pylori have been described as a risk factor for duodenal ulcer development in some populations. Polymorphic gene dupA can be divided into ...
Authors: Jawed Alam, Prachetash Ghosh, Mou Ganguly, Avijit Sarkar, Ronita De and Asish K Mukhopadhyay
Clostridium butyricum is a butyric acid-producing anaerobic bacteriuma, and commonly present as gut microbiota in humans. This species has been used as a probiotic for the prevention of diarrhe...
Authors: SangJoon Mo, Bong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jo Yun, Jung-Ju Lee, Suk-Hyun Yoon and Chung-Hun Oh
A healthy gut with normal intestinal microflora is completely disrupted by oral antibiotics. The byproducts of harmful gut bacteria can interfere with brain development and may contribute to autism. Strategies...
Authors: Afaf El-Ansary, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Sooad Al-Daihan and Abeer M Al Dbass
The Malaysian giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is an economically important crustacean worldwide. However, production of this prawn is facing a serious threat from Vibriosis disease caused by Vi...
Authors: Rama Rao, Ya Bing Zhu, Tahereh Alinejad, Suma Tiruvayipati, Kwai Lin Thong, Jun Wang and Subha Bhassu
The success of the probiotics in delivery of health benefits depends on their ability to withstand the technological and gastrointestinal conditions; hence development of robust cultures is critical to the pro...
Authors: Moloko Gloria Mathipa and Mapitsi Silvester Thantsha
Chicken gut microbiota has paramount roles in host performance, health and immunity. Understanding the topological difference in gut microbial community composition is crucial to provide knowledge on the funct...
Authors: Mohd Asrore Mohd Shaufi, Chin Chin Sieo, Chun Wie Chong, Han Ming Gan and Yin Wan Ho
Rotavirus infections are a major cause of diarrhea in children in both developed and developing countries. Rotavirus genetics, patient immunity, and environmental factors are thought to be related to the sever...
Authors: Subijanto Marto Sudarmo, Katsumi Shigemura, Alpha Fardah Athiyyah, Kayo Osawa, Oktavian Prasetia Wardana, Andy Darma, Reza Ranuh, Dadik Raharjo, Soichi Arakawa, Masato Fujisawa and Toshiro Shirakawa
Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the gut which upon acquiring virulence factors becomes potentially able to cause diseases. Although E. coli population augments in Crohn’s disease (CD...
Authors: Ana Carolina da Silva Santos, Fernando Gomes Romeiro, Ligia Yukie Sassaki and Josias Rodrigues
Although Crohn’s disease (CD) etiology remains unclear, a growing body of evidence suggests that CD may include an infectious component, with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) being the most likel...
Vibrio cholerae, which is a serious human intestinal pathogen, often resides and thrives in estuaries but requires major self-regulation to overcome intestinal hyperosmotic stress or high salt stress in water and...
Authors: Xiuping Fu, Weili Liang, Pengcheng Du, Meiying Yan and Biao Kan
Staphylococcus capitis is an emerging opportunistic pathogen of humans, and found as a colonizer of the human gut. Here, we report a case of S. capitis subsp. urealyticus infection. The strain LNZR-1 was isolated...
Authors: Xiaoxia Li, Min Lei, Yanli Song, Kunwei Gong, Ling Li, Hongyan Liang and Xiaofeng Jiang
