How host cell glycosylation affects EPEC or EHEC O157:H7 invasion is unclear. This study investigated whether and how O-glycans were involved in EPEC or EHEC O157:H7 invasion into HT-29 cells.
Authors: Jun Ye, Qiong Pan, Yangyang Shang, Xiaolong Wei, Zhihong Peng, Wensheng Chen, Lei Chen and Rongquan Wang
Campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide. This microaerophilic bacterium can survive in aerobic environments, suggesting it has protective mechanisms ag...
Acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the intestine impart a significant and negative impact on the health and well-being of human and non-human mammalian animals. Understanding the underlying mechanisms ...
Authors: Janelle A. Jiminez, Trina C. Uwiera, G. Douglas Inglis and Richard R. E. Uwiera
Arcobacter (A.) butzleri has been described as causative agent for sporadic cases of human gastroenteritis with abdominal pain and acute or prolonged watery diarrhea. In vitro studies ...
Authors: Markus M. Heimesaat, Gül Karadas, Marie Alutis, André Fischer, Anja A. Kühl, Angele Breithaupt, Ulf B. Göbel, Thomas Alter, Stefan Bereswill and Greta Gölz
To assess the prevalence of gastrointestinal neoplasia in patients with Streptococcus bovis infectious endocarditis we performed a retrospective cohort analysis of all episodes of S. bovis infectious endocarditis...
Authors: Anthony Alozie, Kerstin Köller, Lumi Pose, Maximilian Raftis, Gustav Steinhoff, Bernd Westphal, Georg Lamprecht and Andreas Podbielski
It remains unclear whether the low incidence of gastric cancer in Indonesia is due to low infection rates only or is also related to low Helicobacter pylori pathogenicity. We collected H. pylori strains from the ...
Authors: Muhammad Miftahussurur, Ari Fahrial Syam, Dadang Makmun, Iswan Abbas Nusi, Lukman Hakim Zein, Zulkhairi, Fardah Akil, Willi Brodus Uswan, David Simanjuntak, Tomohisa Uchida, Pangestu Adi, Amanda Pitarini Utari, Yudith Annisa Ayu Rezkitha, Phawinee Subsomwong, Nasronudin and Yoshio Yamaoka
Developmentally early cells are mobilized into peripheral blood in Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. OCT4, is considered to be important in sustaining the pluripotency of stem cells. OCT4 splicing variants are diffe...
Authors: Maria Maragkoudaki, Anna Vaiopoulou, George E. Theodoropoulos, Evangelia Legaki, Leonardo A. Sechi, George Karamanolis, George Zografos and Maria Gazouli
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis, the most common cause of human gastroenteritis, employs several virulence factors including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for infection and establis...
Dietary zinc oxide is used in pig nutrition to combat post weaning diarrhoea. Recent data suggests that high doses (2.5 g/kg feed) increase the bacterial antibiotic resistance development in weaned pigs. There...
Authors: Wilfried Vahjen, Dominika Pietruszyńska, Ingo C. Starke and Jürgen Zentek
Previous studies have highlighted the antimicrobial activity of caffeine, both individually and in combination with other compounds. A proposed mechanism for caffeine’s antimicrobial effects is inhibition of b...
Clinical and preclinical observations indicate that Lactobacillus plantarum has anti-inflammatory activity and may regulate the immune responses of its hosts when ingested. Recently, modification of teichoic acid...
Recently the Type VI secretion
system (T6SS), which can play a significant role in bacterial survival and pathogenesis, was reported in Campylobacter spp., having the hcp gene as a key component.
Authors: Nicolae Corcionivoschi, Ozan Gundogdu, Lynn Moran, Carmel Kelly, Pam Scates, Lavinia Stef, Ada Cean, Brendan Wren, Nick Dorrell and Robert H Madden
For many putative Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica virulence genes, functional characterization across serovars has been limited. Cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB) is an incompletely characterized virulence...
Authors: Lorraine D Rodriguez-Rivera, Barbara M Bowen, Henk C den Bakker, Gerald E Duhamel and Martin Wiedmann
The O48 group comprises Salmonella bacteria containing sialic acid in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bacteria with sialylated surface structures are described as pathogens that avoid immunological response of the ...
Authors: Bożena Futoma-Kołoch, Urszula Godlewska, Katarzyna Guz-Regner, Agata Dorotkiewicz-Jach, Elżbieta Klausa, Jacek Rybka and Gabriela Bugla-Płoskońska
A recent report on the detection in a Crohn’s disease (CD) patient of an adherent and invasive Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC) (Gut pathogens 2015, 7:2) prompted a commentary expressing some skeptic...
Gastroenteritis attributable to Salmonella enterica and the continuous increase in antimicrobial resistance of this gut pathogen, which compromises the use of previously effective treatments, is of great concern ...
Authors: Liora Colobatiu, Alexandra Tabaran, Mirela Flonta, Ovidiu Oniga, Simona Mirel and Marian Mihaiu
Now that microbial whole genome sequencing is in reach of many researchers, it is common to infer virulent properties of a given bacterial isolate based on the presence of virulence genes. However, this may le...
Despite a significant global burden of disease, there is still no vaccine against shigellosis widely available. One aim of the European Union funded STOPENTERICS consortium is to develop vaccine candidates aga...
Authors: Omar Rossi, Kate S Baker, Armelle Phalipon, François-Xavier Weill, Francesco Citiulo, Philippe Sansonetti, Christiane Gerke and Nicholas R Thomson
Virulence genes can spread among commensal bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. The bacterium with novel virulence factors may pose a severe threat to public health because of the absence of a management...
Authors: Min-Jung Kwak, Soon-Kyeong Kwon, Seung-Hak Cho and Jihyun F Kim
Non-Helicobacter pylori Helicobacters (NHPH) are also able to cause disease in humans. Dogs are a natural reservoir for many of these species. Close and intense human contact with animals has been identified as a...
Authors: Irina Amorim, Annemieke Smet, Odete Alves, Silvia Teixeira, Ana Laura Saraiva, Marian Taulescu, Celso Reis, Freddy Haesebrouck and Fátima Gärtner
Listeria monocytogenes is a food-borne pathogen and the causative agent of listeriosis, a severe infection to those with a pre-disposition. Infections often arise through consumption of contami...
Authors: Danny Sewell, Stuart CH Allen and Carol A Phillips
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is an important pathogen that causes childhood and travelers’ diarrhea. Here, we present the draft genomes of four ETEC isolates recovered from stool specimens of patients ...
Authors: Fei Liu, Xi Yang, Zhiyun Wang, Matilda Nicklasson, Firdausi Qadri, Yong Yi, Yuying Zhu, Na Lv, Jing Li, Ruifen Zhang, Huijuan Guo, Baoli Zhu, Åsa Sjöling and Yongfei Hu
The duodenal ulcer promoting gene (dupA) and dupA cluster in Helicobacter pylori have been described as a risk factor for duodenal ulcer development in some populations. Polymorphic gene dupA can be divided into ...
Authors: Jawed Alam, Prachetash Ghosh, Mou Ganguly, Avijit Sarkar, Ronita De and Asish K Mukhopadhyay
Clostridium butyricum is a butyric acid-producing anaerobic bacteriuma, and commonly present as gut microbiota in humans. This species has been used as a probiotic for the prevention of diarrhe...
Authors: SangJoon Mo, Bong-Soo Kim, Sung-Jo Yun, Jung-Ju Lee, Suk-Hyun Yoon and Chung-Hun Oh
A healthy gut with normal intestinal microflora is completely disrupted by oral antibiotics. The byproducts of harmful gut bacteria can interfere with brain development and may contribute to autism. Strategies...
Authors: Afaf El-Ansary, Ramesa Shafi Bhat, Sooad Al-Daihan and Abeer M Al Dbass
The Malaysian giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii, is an economically important crustacean worldwide. However, production of this prawn is facing a serious threat from Vibriosis disease caused by Vi...
Authors: Rama Rao, Ya Bing Zhu, Tahereh Alinejad, Suma Tiruvayipati, Kwai Lin Thong, Jun Wang and Subha Bhassu
Chicken gut microbiota has paramount roles in host performance, health and immunity. Understanding the topological difference in gut microbial community composition is crucial to provide knowledge on the funct...
Authors: Mohd Asrore Mohd Shaufi, Chin Chin Sieo, Chun Wie Chong, Han Ming Gan and Yin Wan Ho
The success of the probiotics in delivery of health benefits depends on their ability to withstand the technological and gastrointestinal conditions; hence development of robust cultures is critical to the pro...
Authors: Moloko Gloria Mathipa and Mapitsi Silvester Thantsha
Rotavirus infections are a major cause of diarrhea in children in both developed and developing countries. Rotavirus genetics, patient immunity, and environmental factors are thought to be related to the sever...
Authors: Subijanto Marto Sudarmo, Katsumi Shigemura, Alpha Fardah Athiyyah, Kayo Osawa, Oktavian Prasetia Wardana, Andy Darma, Reza Ranuh, Dadik Raharjo, Soichi Arakawa, Masato Fujisawa and Toshiro Shirakawa
Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the gut which upon acquiring virulence factors becomes potentially able to cause diseases. Although E. coli population augments in Crohn’s disease (CD...
Authors: Ana Carolina da Silva Santos, Fernando Gomes Romeiro, Ligia Yukie Sassaki and Josias Rodrigues
Although Crohn’s disease (CD) etiology remains unclear, a growing body of evidence suggests that CD may include an infectious component, with Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) being the most likel...
Vibrio cholerae, which is a serious human intestinal pathogen, often resides and thrives in estuaries but requires major self-regulation to overcome intestinal hyperosmotic stress or high salt stress in water and...
Authors: Xiuping Fu, Weili Liang, Pengcheng Du, Meiying Yan and Biao Kan
Staphylococcus capitis is an emerging opportunistic pathogen of humans, and found as a colonizer of the human gut. Here, we report a case of S. capitis subsp. urealyticus infection. The strain LNZR-1 was isolated...
Authors: Xiaoxia Li, Min Lei, Yanli Song, Kunwei Gong, Ling Li, Hongyan Liang and Xiaofeng Jiang
Probiotics and prebiotics are promising strategies to counteract Salmonella prevalence in swine. In the present study, we investigated the effects of prebiotics (fructo- (FOS), galacto- (GOS) and mannan- (MOS) ol...
Gastrointestinal tract microbiota, particularly bacterial microflora, seem to have a different qualitative and quantitative composition in both type 1 (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) mellitus cases as compar...
Authors: Tomasz Gosiewski, Dominika Salamon, Magdalena Szopa, Agnieszka Sroka, Maciej T Malecki and Malgorzata Bulanda
Sulawesi in Indonesia has a unique geographical profile with assumed separation from Sundaland. Studies of Helicobacter pylori in this region are rare due to the region’s rural location and lack of endoscopy equi...
Authors: Muhammad Miftahussurur, Josef Tuda, Rumiko Suzuki, Yasutoshi Kido, Fumihiko Kawamoto, Miyuki Matsuda, Indah S Tantular, Suhintam Pusarawati, Nasronudin, Paul N Harijanto and Yoshio Yamaoka
The relationship between Klebsiella pneumoniae and nosocomial and community-acquired infections is well known, and K. pneumoniae resistance to most antibiotics is increasing worldwide. In contrast, tigecycline re...
Authors: Beiwen Zheng, Ang Li, Xiawei Jiang, Xinjun Hu, Jian Yao, Lina Zhao, Jinru Ji, Min Ye, Yonghong Xiao and Lanjuan Li
The varied clinical presentations of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection are most likely due to differences in the virulence of individual strains, which determines its ability to induce production of inter...
Authors: Iqbal Siddique, Asmaa Al-Qabandi, Jaber Al-Ali, Waleed Alazmi, Anjum Memon, Abu Salim Mustafa and Thamradeen A Junaid
The mutS-rpoS intergenic region in E. coli displays a mosaic structure which revealed pathotype specific patterns. To assess the importance of this region as a surrogate marker for the identification of highly vi...
Authors: Christa Ewers, Flavia Dematheis, Haritha Devi Singamaneni, Nishant Nandanwar, Angelika Fruth, Ines Diehl, Torsten Semmler and Lothar H Wieler
We generated a neonatal pig model with human infant gut microbiota (HGM) to study the effect of a probiotic on the composition of the transplanted microbiota following rotavirus vaccination and challenge. All ...
Authors: Husen Zhang, Haifeng Wang, Megan Shepherd, Ke Wen, Guohua Li, Xingdong Yang, Jacob Kocher, Ernawati Giri-Rachman, Allan Dickerman, Robert Settlage and Lijuan Yuan
After entering the gastrointestinal (GI) tract on the way to their physiological site of infection, enteric bacteria encounter a remarkable diversity in environmental conditions. There are gross differences in...
Authors: Chirantana Sengupta, Sreejana Ray and Rukhsana Chowdhury
One mechanism utilized by bacterial pathogens for host adaptation and immune evasion is the generation of phenotypic diversity by the phasevarion that results from the differential expression of a suite of gen...
Authors: Jonathan C Gauntlett, Hans-Olof Nilsson, Alma Fulurija, Barry J Marshall and Mohammed Benghezal
Escherichia coli are a frequent cause of urinary tract infections (UTI) and are thought to have a foodborne origin. E. coli with sequence type 127 (ST127) are emerging pathogens increasingly implicated as a cause...
Authors: Aaron E Darling, Jessica McKinnon, Paul Worden, Jerran Santos, Ian G Charles, Piklu Roy Chowdhury and Steven P Djordjevic
Strains of Pediococcus pentosaceus from food and the human gastrointestinal tract have been widely identified, and some have been reported to reduce inflammation, encephalopathy, obesity and fatty liver in animal...
Authors: Long-Xian Lv, Yu-Dong Li, Xin-Jun Hu, Hai-Yan Shi and Lan-Juan Li
Blastocystis species are common human enteric parasites. Carriage has been linked to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Treatment of Blastocystis spp. with antimicrobials is problematic and insensitive diagnostic me...
Authors: Robyn Nagel, Helle Bielefeldt-Ohmann and Rebecca Traub
Many probiotic bacteria have been described as promising tools for the treatment and prevention of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Most of these bacteria are lactic acid bacteria, which are part of the hea...
Authors: Tessalia Diniz Luerce, Ana Cristina Gomes-Santos, Clarissa Santos Rocha, Thais Garcias Moreira, Déborah Nogueira Cruz, Luísa Lemos, Adna Luciana Sousa, Vanessa Bastos Pereira, Marcela de Azevedo, Kátia Moraes, Denise Carmona Cara, Jean Guy LeBlanc, Vasco Azevedo, Ana Maria Caetano Faria and Anderson Miyoshi
Bifidobacterium species, including Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, are among the dominant microbial populations of the human gastrointestinal tract. They are also major components of many commercial probiotic ...
Authors: Ángel Alegría, Susana Delgado, Lucía Guadamuro, Ana Belén Flórez, Giovanna E Felis, Sandra Torriani and Baltasar Mayo
The human gut microbiome is important for maintaining the health status of the host. Clostridia are key members of the human gut microbiome, carrying out several important functions in the gut environment. Hen...
Authors: Nachiket Prakash Marathe, Sudarshan Anand Shetty, Vikram B Lanjekar, Mandar Hemant Rasane, Dilip R Ranade and Yogesh S Shouche
Hafnia alvei is an opportunistic pathogen involved in various types of nosocomical infections. The species has been found to inhabit food and mammalian guts. However, its status as an enteropathogen, and whether ...
Authors: Jia-Yi Tan, Wai-Fong Yin and Kok-Gan Chan
